Ethnic Capital and Assimilation to the Great Australian (Homeownership) Dream: the early housing experience of Australia's skilled immigrants

We use the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Australia, 2005–2006, to examine the housing tenure experience of skilled immigrants to Australia 6 and 18 months after arrival for relationships with ethnic capital (cultural background), visa category streams, aspects of human capital, demographics, social capital and discrimination. Homeownership experience is used to indicate integration into Australia's dominantly middle-class society. Multinomial regression analysis identifies visa entry category as the most important independent group of variables accounting for immigrants' short-term dwelling tenure, followed by aspects of human capital, family status, and the importance of ethnic capital for immigrants of both English-speaking and non-English-speaking backgrounds, and discrimination.     

Revitalizing ecological capital

Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography 111(2):149–167, 2011

The modernization of agricultural food production has diminished and is diminishing the sustainable use of the local natural resource base, resulting in the fragmentation of landscapes and the decline of biodiversity. In this paper we analyze the revitalization of ecological capital, which provides insights into how effective adjustments in land-use and farming practices can stimulate a reconnection between farming, nature and society. The paper focuses on a case study about endogenous knowledge on the relation between farm activities and the reproduction of the landscape and its flora and fauna in the (Dutch) Friesian Woodlands. We suggest that building adequate, local institutional frameworks that strengthen landscape structures, regional identity and the ‘branding’ of food products will sustain rural development in the area. The results should be of value for increasing the understanding among researchers and policymakers of the potential of endogenous knowledge in governing the increase of the ecological stock in an area.     

Mutual relationships in neighborhood socioeconomic change

In this article, we investigate the factors that lead to changes in the socioeconomic complexion of urban neighborhoods along four critical dimensions: crime, youth social distress, home ownership, and economic conditions. We argue that the dynamics of these dimensions are better apprehended simultaneously considering their potential mutual relationships and we propose a cross-lagged panel model approach within a structural equation modeling framework. Neighborhoods in Charlotte, North Carolina, are used as a case study, and change is modeled at several time lags throughout the 2000–2010 decade. Findings indicate that the model performs well and that it offers a very promising avenue for modeling the socioeconomic changes of neighborhoods that accounts for complex longitudinal effects as well as spatial dependencies. Specifically, it shows that lower human capital manifested by a decline in youth indicators is significant in explaining subsequent increases in crime and declines in economic indicators. Also, the predominance of housing stock constructed in the 1950s and 1960s is a significant trigger of declines across all neighborhood indicators. Finally, spatial spillover effects between neighborhoods are found to be short-lived and dissipate after a few years.     

Archeological crop marks identified from Cosmo-SkyMed time series: the case of Han-Wei capital city,Luoyang, China

ABSTRACT

The development of spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) technology declares that the golden era of SAR remote sensing in archeology is approaching; however, nowadays its methodology framework is still lacking due to the inadequate case studies validated by ground-truths. In this study, we investigated the crop marks using multi-temporal Cosmo-SkyMed data acquired in 2013 by applying a two-step decision-tree classifier in conjunction with a spatial analysis in an area of archeological interest nearby the archeological site of Han-Wei capital city (1900–1500 BP), in Luoyang, China. The time-series backscattering anomalies related to the wheat growth cycle were identified and then further validated in two zones by geophysical investigations (Ground Penetration Radar and electrical measurements) and in a third zone by archeological excavations made after the SAR data acquisition. This study provides a new approach for the relic detection, shallowly buried and covered by the crop vegetation, by temporal crop marks on spaceborne SAR images. We also emphasize the necessity to establish a satellite-to-ground methodology framework for the promotion of remote-sensing technology in archeology.     

生态补偿对农户生计的影响——以甘南黄河水源补给区为例

生态补偿项目对农户生计的影响关系到项目可持续性及社会公平性,近年来已成为生态补偿领域的研究热点。本文通过调查退牧还草工程前后甘南黄河水源补给区农户生计资本及生计方式的变化,分析了生态补偿项目对农户生计的影响,提出应建立多样化、差别化的补偿方式,提高项目区农户的生计能力,确保生计安全。研究发现:①生态补偿后农户生计总资本显著增加,除自然资本下降外,其余各类生计资本均增加,但纯牧区、半农半牧区、农区农户的生计资本变幅不同;②生态补偿后农户生计方式发生显著变化,从事非农活动的农户比例增加,生计多样化指数增加,其中农区农户的非农化程度及生计多样化指数的增幅均高于纯牧区与半农半牧区。     

中国资本市场中心对各地资本市场发展影响的距离衰减实证

基于空间邻接关系,定义了我国各省级行政区域的相对距离,通过各地上市公司数量及各地与资本市场中心相对距离的数量分析,揭示资本市场空间配置对各地资本市场发展水平的影响,指出资本市场中心对各地资本市场发展的影响存在显著的距离衰减现象,我国两个资本市场中心分布对区域资本市场发展程度存在显著影响,区域经济发展水平与资本市场中心位置相互作用共同影响区域资本市场的发展水平。     

资本资产定价模型在工程地震保险费率厘定中的应用

作为国际金融市场的重要组成部分,保险市场在当下的全球经济复苏中发挥着重要作用。保险是地震灾害危机处理的一种重要方式。现有的工程地震保费厘定通常只着力于纯保费,对风险附加费的考量往往依经验,从而导致保费中无法体现对风险的补偿,成为工程地震险发展的瓶颈。本文通过将金融市场中的资本资产定价模型（CAPM）引入工程地震险的定价分析,从资本市场的角度探讨该模型在工程地震险定价中的应用,弥补了传统工程地震险保费厘定方法的固有缺陷,使得保费计算更为科学合理。最后,应用于一具体工程实例,验证了该模型的可行性和有效性。     

基于三维生态足迹模型优化的自然资本利用国际比较

维持自然资本存量恒定是人类社会可持续发展的基础。在介绍三维生态足迹模型的基础上,根据推导的区域足迹广度和区域足迹深度的计算公式,评估和比较2007年全球11个主要国家的自然资本利用状况,并分析模型优化前后的结果差异。结果表明:①全球自然资本流量的人均占用为1.71 hm²,人类需要1.55个地球才能支撑其资源消费量,化石能源碳排放是最主要的存量自然资本利用方式和生态超载驱动力;②各国的流量资本占用能力依次为加拿大>俄罗斯>美国>巴西>法国>德国>全球>意大利>中国>英国>日本>印度,存量资本消耗程度则基本呈逆向排列;③美、法、德等发达国家所利用的人均流量资本和存量资本均明显高于全球平均水平,应给予印、中等发展中国家一定的配额补偿;④模型优化后,全球人均足迹广度减少了0.09 hm²,足迹深度则增加了0.05,这更符合各国自然资本利用和生态赤字的实际;⑤中国面临增加国民收入和控制生态赤字的双重挑战,应将草地作为资本利用的优先方向,并适当控制城镇扩张速度。     

首都圈中强震前后视应力时空演化过程研究*

选用首都圈数字遥测地震台网地震波形资料,利用近震源Brune模式计算首都圈地区2002年至今M_L≥2.0地震的视应力值,探讨了震源参数的标度关系,最终选取2.0≤M_L≤2.9地震对首都圈地区2002年以来中强地震前视应力的时空异常变化特征进行详细分析。研究结果表明:首都圈中强地震前,多次地震出现显著的视应力高值异常,且地震多发生在视应力高值异常区域附近。同时与波速比计算结果进行了对比分析,印证了异常存在具有一定的客观性。由此可见,分析识别首都圈地区的应力状态可以为该地区中强震的危险性提供判定依据。     

全球生产网络中企业去地方化的形式与机理研究

经济活动的去地方化既是生产活动的空间转移过程,也是企业供应链在不同空间尺度的分离与再组合的功能整合过程,并且对地方产业的前后向联系、社会资本和就业等方面产生影响。在文献综述的基础上,提出在全球生产网络中企业去地方化的动力主要是网络权力的拉力和社会资本的粘性。在两种力的相互作用过程中,产生了不同的网络权力的依赖关系,形成了不同类型的企业去地方化形式。企业去地方化可能会导致地方生产网络断裂,并且由于去地方化形式的不同,对企业经济绩效和地方集聚经济产生的影响也不同。最后,对中国沿海外贸加工业的去地方化情况和发展前景进行了初步思考。