基于三维生态足迹的中国自然资本利用时空演变及驱动力分析

目前基于三维生态足迹的中国省际自然资本利用研究,仅从生产视角测度评价了区域自然资本存量、流量利用的空间格局。本文以消费视角对2006-2015年中国30个省(市、自治区)及不同地类足迹深度、足迹广度进行动态评估,进而通过存量流量利用比和资本流量占用率刻画了中国自然资本利用可持续性现状,并利用全局和局部回归模型量化其驱动因素及因素效应的空间差异性。结果显示：①中国足迹深度从3.04升至4.17又降至4.06,存量资本消耗有减弱趋势;足迹深度大致表现为：东部>中部>西部,其中上海最高达30.69,青海最低为1.70;②中国足迹广度在0.36~0.39 ghm²/人之间波动;足迹广度总体表现为：西部>中部>东部,其中最大值为新疆0.81 ghm²/人,最小值为上海0.09 ghm²/人;③从组分构成看,化石能源用地和草地是存量资本消耗的主要方式,耕地和建设用地是流量资本占用的主要方式;④中国自然资本利用可持续性呈现变好趋势,省际呈东弱西强的格局;通过回归分析发现,生态足迹强度、城市化率、生态承载力是导致自然资本利用可持续性空间差异的显著因素,且这些因素的效应特征表现出不同的空间模式。生产视角和消费视角的测算结果相结合,可提供全面丰富的生态足迹信息,为相关实际应用提供一定的借鉴。     

Social capital,trust, and adaptation to climate change: Evidence from rural Ethiopia

Climate change is expected to have particularly severe effects on poor agrarian populations. Rural households in developing countries adapt to the risks and impacts of climate change both individually and collectively. Empirical research has shown that access to capital—financial, human, physical, and social—is critical for building resilience and fostering adaptation to environmental stresses. Little attention, however, has been paid to how social capital generally might facilitate adaptation through trust and cooperation, particularly among rural households and communities. This paper addresses the question of how social capital affects adaptation to climate change by rural households by focusing on the relationship of household and collective adaptation behaviors. A mixed-methods approach allows us to better account for the complexity of social institutions—at the household, community, and government levels—which drive climate adaptation outcomes. We use data from interviews, household surveys, and field experiments conducted in 20 communities with 400 households in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia. Our results suggest that qualitative measures of trust predict contributions to public goods, a result that is consistent with the theorized role of social capital in collective action. Yet qualitative trust is negatively related to private household-level adaptation behaviors, which raises the possibility that social capital may, paradoxically, be detrimental to private adaptation. Policymakers should account for the potential difference in public and private adaptation behaviors in relation to trust and social capital when designing interventions for climate adaptation.     

The rise of venture capital centres in China: A spatial and network analysis

Due to the importance of venture capital (VC) firms in spurring regional economic growth, the geography of VC firms and VC investments have attracted a lot of attention. However, the spatial patterns of cross-regional VC flows have rarely been explored, particularly in the context of emerging economies. Drawing on a unique dataset on VC firms and investments related to domestic initial public offerings (IPOs), this study combines location analysis with network analysis to investigate the spatial patterns of VC activities in China. The results confirm that Beijing, Shenzhen and Shanghai are the leading VC centres in the country. Although Yangtze Delta Area hosts the largest number of investments, Beijing and Shenzhen have a considerable advantage over Shanghai in terms of the number of VC firms, investments, and the number of domestic VC-backed IPOs. Beijing and Shenzhen also appear more central than Shanghai in China’s VC networks, with Beijing-Shenzhen representing the most important city-dyad in terms of VC investment flows. The article explains how the dynamics of the VC centres is embedded in China’s institutional and cultural context, critical to understanding the evolution and geography of China’s VC industry.     

区域经济和环境对新兴城市影响的模拟

在参考现代经济增长模型、Logistic模式基础上,建立了资源和投资环境约束下的区域经济发展动力模式,有关模拟研究表明：(1) 影响新兴城市 (区域) 劳动力规模的主要因子是区域资源对人口的承载力和劳动力的实际增长率,前者决定了区域 (城市) 劳动力的规模,后者则决定了城市 (区域) 增长的速度。而且承载力对平衡态区域劳动力规模的影响以及实际劳动力增长率对区域增长速度的影响都是线性的;(2) 改善新兴城市的投资环境,使其比临近区域 (城市) 的投资环境更优越,该新兴城市 (区域) 的经济规模就将迅速发展。反之,如果该新兴城市 (区域) 的投资环境比临近区域 (城市) 的投资环境差,则该城市的经济规模将受极大的限制而无法做大。     

场域理论视角下商业绅士化对周边老旧住区的影响——以成都大慈寺社区为例

以成都市大慈寺社区商业绅士化为例,基于布迪厄的场域理论,从不同行为主体的视角出发,分别分析了地方政府、开发商、绅士化群体、原住居民、周边商户及周边小区各自的利益诉求与资本获取,探寻商业绅士化空间对周边老旧住区的影响。研究发现：商业绅士化空间及其周边住区共同构成了一个绅士化场域,不同的行为主体在场域中获取和积累各自资本从而确立其社会实践地位。特别地,绅士化核心场域由地方政府、开发商和绅士化群体共同构成的利益联合体推动形成,体现一种至上而下的全球化资本逻辑运作;边缘场域由原住居民、周边商户和周边租户在周边小区构建而成,其受到了核心场域的支配和影响,与核心场域内的三类主体形成了动态互哺关系,从而逐渐产生新一轮绅士化进程,呈现一种至下而上的本土化资本发展逻辑。大慈寺社区商业绅士化中的核心场域与边缘场域之间存在着既相互分异又相互融合的复杂特征,构建了两者之间的循环发展路径,带动了中心城区的整体更新发展。研究填补了中国商业绅士化对于周边住区影响的理论空白,同时也对城市中心商业空间更新的良性改造提供一定参考价值。     

关于网络经济的知识资本分配的研究

知识资本简称知本。知本分配已成为网络经济条件下的分配形式。知本分配的内涵可以从知本分配的含义及其机制两方面讨论，可以从分配的系统，分配的运行及分配的结果等方面来描述其分配的特征。知本分配具有重要的革命意义。     

From modelling theory to policy: lessons from the LCS project

The Low-Carbon Society (LCS) research project (Strachan et al., 2008) is to be congratulated for providing a rich, useful source of models to inform and precipitate discussion of policy options for moving towards a low-carbon society. This commentary explores additional considerations that warrant inclusion in any policy discussion: the feasibility of political will and leadership, the limitations of technical feasibility, and clarity about what ‘the price of carbon’ means. Difficulties exist with establishing carbon prices due to differences in energy prices between countries and the distinction between baseline (existing policies) and additional parts. An alternative may be to place more emphasis on the energy price for mitigation, along with other indicators (energy efficiency, carbon intensity, renewable power diffusion) for comparison. A policy is proposed, based on the energy price combined with an emphasis on accelerating technological innovation and overcoming barriers to the adoption of energy efficiency measures.     

首都圈“京津冀”三轴线城市空间格局的遥感分析

城市空间结构是城市规划和发展的基础研究内容之一,特别是以城市群综合发展的区域经济体成为当前城市发展的主要形态,以首都北京为核心的首都圈则是其中具有代表性的城市群,许多学者将该区域作为城市格局研究的首选对象。本文针对首都圈“京津塘、京唐秦、京保石”三条发展轴线内的主要城市,从区域内城镇体系空间结构、道路基础设施空间布局、...     

历史时期关中地区都城迁移的资源环境驱动力分析

关中地区是中华文明的重要发源地,也是当前引领和辐射西北地区快速发展、落实西部大开发战略的重要区域.借助历史文献资料、孢粉和土壤剖面等分析的相关结论,从以气候、水、土三大要素为主导的资源环境状况演变的角度,对西周至唐朝灭亡这段历史时期内(公元前1059-705年),我国关中地区都城的迁移历史及其资源环境驱动力进行系统分析...     

生计资本对农牧民生活满意度的影响——以甘南高原为例

地处青藏高原东缘的甘南高原是典型的生态环境脆弱区,提高农牧民的生计资本成为该区消除贫困、保护环境、可持续利用自然资源的基础与关键.本文建立了生计资本评估指标,结合实地调查资料评估了甘南高原纯牧区、半农半牧区和农区农户的生计资本状况,分析了不同区域农户面临的生活压力及需要的帮助,并采用logistic回归模型分析了农户生...