东亚金融危机与中国

经历时间长、影响范围广的东亚金融危机是由多方面的原因造成的。它的基础是广泛存在的泡沫经济。金融业的全球一体化,离岸金融中心和金融衍生工具的出现,国际炒家的掀风作浪,加剧了危机的深度。中国由于实质经济比较稳固,对金融业开放持谨慎态度等原因,受到的冲击相对较小。危机给中国敲响了警钟,要求中国尽快进行金融体制的改革。     

生态补偿对农户生计资本的影响——以甘南黄河水源补给区为例

针对甘南黄河水源补给区实施的退牧还草工程, 基于"可持续生计框架", 建立生计资本指标, 利用农户调查资料, 测算生态补偿前后农户的生计资本, 采用均值比较分析和协方差分析评估生态补偿对农户生计资本的影响, 最后提出应建立多样化、差别化的补偿方式, 来提高不同地区农户的生计资本. 结果表明: 与退牧前相比, 农户的生计总资本显著增加, 由退牧前的0.216增至目前的0.277, 其中人力资本、物质资本、金融资本、社会资本分别增加了0.094、0.075、0.115、0.040, 自然资本显著下降, 降低了0.023. 生态补偿对农户生计资本结构的影响具有区域差异性, 生计资本总指数增幅最大的是半农半牧区, 依次是农区、纯牧区; 生态补偿对农户各生计资本关系的影响具有区域差异性, 实施生态补偿后纯牧区农户各生计资本之间的相关程度增强, 而半农半牧区和农区农户各生计资本之间的相关程度减弱.     

中国地质工作转型升级中的资金投入特征

通过对当前地质工作转型升级时期的资金投入分析,梳理了财政投入和社会资金的现状特征和问题,进而提出了对策建议。研究结果显示,中国的地质工作正处于转型升级期,在资金投入上主要表现出资金投下滑总体趋势放缓、矿产勘查资金供需矛盾突出、新旧动能转换引领投资分化、科技和信息化投入仍需提升、投入空间格局正发生转变五大特征。研究认为,为进一步优化资金投入以适应新的发展形势,应该以中长期战略引领投资布局,强化两级财政的协同配合,多措并举吸引社会资本注入,完善财政投入评估调整机制。     

自然资本核算的生态足迹三维模型研究进展

自然资本核算是可持续发展量化研究的重要课题。近年来颇具影响力的生态足迹方法,为测度人类占用自然资本的状况提供了可行的途径。本文首先回顾了生态足迹方法应用于自然资本核算的研究成果,然后从概念、计算方法和优缺点等方面评述了该领域的国际最新进展——生态足迹三维模型,针对其存在的问题提出了改进和补充方案:①通过明确生态赤字与生态盈余在自然资本性质方面的差异,将存量资本和流量资本的分类测度扩展到具体的地类层面,改进了区域尺度上的足迹深度、足迹广度和生态足迹计算方法,以避免可能存在的生态赤字与生态盈余错误抵消的情况;②构建了人均历史累积足迹广度、足迹广度基尼系数和理论足迹广度3项新指标,以分别表征人均自然资本占用的历史累积水平、区域自然资本占用的不公平程度和自然资本存量持续减少对自然资本流量的潜在影响。最后分析了上述新增指标的局限性,以及自然资本存量方面需要进一步探索的问题。     

A GEOGRAPHY OF THE VENTURE CAPITAL INDUSTRY IN THE U. S.*

The venture capital industry in the U.S. has important implications for the growth of “high tech”industries and the viability of the small firm sector. Venture capital is provided largely through independent firms, quasi-public Small Business Investment Corporations (SBICs) and corporate subsidiaries. The regional distribution of VC firms has changed over time but New York, Massachusetts, and California account for one-half of the current firms. An analysis of regional flows of VC investment reveals that California, Massachusetts and Texas were the leading recipient states while the Plains region receives the least amount of capital. Given the concentrations of VC activity, a regional mismatch in the supply of and demand for such funds may exist. The investment needs of small firms, the employment impacts of the VC industry, and the matching of VC supply and demand are seen as useful research directions.     

首都圈区域应变场研究

采用分块均匀弹性介质模型对１９６６～１９７８年首都圈三角—测边网复测资料进行了分析计算，发现在两个区域有应变积累：其一为南口—孙河断层以北，南口山前断层以东，黄庄—高丽营断层以西；另一区域为南口山前断层以西。短边测距网复测资料计算结果表明，京西区１９８７年之前主应力方向为北东７２°，此后应变不断加强，主应力方向发生扰动。由区域地应变场和断层活动性两种途径分析得到的首都圈现今应力状况是一致的，两种途径得到的应力加强的地段也大体相同。对近年应力集中地段的地震危险性应予以重视。     

The development of Fujian’s outward-oriented economy and its regional differentiation

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中外合资风险勘查操作中的几个问题

作者通过举办承德华佳矿业有限公司的经历,详细地论述了中外合资（合作）风险勘查固体矿产资源,尤其是金矿勘查方面的具体问题。探讨了中外合资（合作）风险勘查矿产资源的有关法律规定和我国当前合资（合作）勘查矿产资源所采用的几种模式,合资（合作）的阶段性,股权比例的变化特征以及举办中外合资（合作）勘查企业的申办过程。     

Measurement of ecological capital of Chinese terrestrial ecosystem based on remote sensing

The biosphere of the Earth is the material founda-tion of human survival and development.With the increasing problems of the resources,the environment and population,most countries in the world have paid special attention to the measurement and evaluation of ecological capital,which refers to the sum of the direct natural resources value and the indirect ecosystem services value.Ecological capital depends on not only the quality of the national ecological environment,butalso the social recogni…     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.