The distribution of capital forms between cities and suburbs and their impact on social justice in space

Questions of justice have been raised in recent years when contending with the social costs of urban sprawl. But this field of inquiry suffers from the difficulty of translating the abstract notion of justice into measurable spatial indices. The aim of this paper is to empirically measure the liberal notion of justice in the metropolitan region of Tel Aviv by adopting Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of three forms of capital. Under this theory, the formation of economic, cultural, and social capital in the individual’s living environment determines the person’s exposure to different sets of life-chances (i.e., capabilities), thus influencing equality of opportunity (i.e., social justice) in space. The analysis reveals that suburban inhabitants benefit from a larger accumulation of the three forms of capital than do urban inhabitants. Accumulation of these capitals has a positive effect on exposure to life-chances, thus enhancing spatial segregation between cities and suburbs.     

Confronting Capital Mobility

This article considers why urban scholars have made relatively little progress in recent decades in the identification and advancement of strategies for challenging the mobility of capital. It is suggested that the lack of progress is due, in part, to the failure of urban researchers to critically examine the politics of capital mobility. Politics is emphasized over other factors because an overemphasis on technical conditions and economic considerations has led to the "naturalization" of capital mobility and the depoliticization of the relationship between capital and place. Here the focus of critical inquiry is shifted onto the politics of capital mobility by examining how the mobility of capital has been naturalized by critical researchers in geography and related disciplines, and by exploring how alternative research agendas that challenge the assumption of capital mobility repoliticize the place-capital relationship and enable new forms of urban political research and practice.     

1980年以来中国棉花生产向新疆集中的主要原因

1980年以来中国棉花生产格局发生了明显变化,在空间上逐步向新疆集中,这一变化不仅促进了新疆地区耕地的扩张,也强化了新疆地区在我国农业生产中的地域功能,同时还加速了该地区的荒漠化进程。目前对这一现象的研究主要立足于区域尺度,关注棉花生产对当地农民收入的影响以及区域棉花产业的优势与发展战略,对生产格局变化的成因还缺乏清晰认识。本文从生产要素配置效率的角度,利用全国农产品成本收益数据,通过比较全国主要植棉省市棉花生产中土地生产率、劳动生产率和资本产出率的差异,来探讨这一现象的成因。结果表明:劳动生产率的区域差异是市场经济条件下中国棉花生产向新疆集中的主要原因。这一结论对于判断中国棉花生产格局变化的未来趋势以及其他农产品生产格局变化研究都具有一定的意义。     

Family or Enterprise? What shapes the business structures of Australian farming?

Australian farmers navigate their contemporary circumstances through the use of different business and legal arrangements that are shaped by the commercial realities of farming and the aspirations of farm-owning households. In posing the question ‘Family or Enterprise?’, this paper examines the extent to which various household and farm business indicators are associated with different forms of farm ownership, namely sole proprietorships, partnerships, trusts and companies. Results from a postal survey of farm enterprises in Victoria, Australia suggest that both household and enterprise factors contribute to the business structure used, although the strongest determinants appear to be those factors that are less well understood in the rural geographical and sociological literature: household composition, farmer age and farm size. Greater scrutiny of the business instruments deployed by farmers to manage family and enterprise pressures should inform expectations of the fate of family farming in advanced financialised economies.     

Regional development and the impact of the public sector in Denmark: employment growth and human capital

This paper analyses the relationships between employment growth, human capital and regional development. To understand the spatial development of employment growth, we distinguish between the public and the private sector. The public sector has a major role in Denmark in the form of a large share of total employment and employment growth across space. We examine in particular the uneven geography of human capital and the relationships between the growth of human capital and total employment growth by Danish municipalities. It is moreover analysed, whether there is a concentration of human capital in the largest city-regions, and how such concentrations contribute to the uneven geography of employment growth. The paper concludes that both the public and private sectors are important regarding employment growth in Danish municipalities. Further, public and private human capital contributes to employment growth, and the public sector contributes, over time, to diminishing the uneven spatial distribution of human capital while the private sector increases the spatial inequality. Moreover, urbanisation has a significant effect on employment growth and human capital formation, both when it comes to the large city regions, and, in general, the distance to city centres.     

简述我国风险投资发展现状及相关对策

风险投资是一种高风险高回报的金融资本,是促进高科技产业发展的金融支撑,是高科技企业成长和成果转化的重要推动力量。我国风险投资业是伴随着市场经济的快速繁荣发展起来的,虽然取得了长足进步,但与发达国家相比仍处于初级阶段,还存在诸如资本规模、资金运作机制、法律规范、人才储备等方面的问题。因此,完善和发展我国风险投资业,扩大风险投资主体,建立完善风险资本退出渠道和体系,用法律保障良好的风险投资环境,对促进我国高新技术企业成长,都具有非常重要的意义。     

基于高铁网络的中国省会城市经济可达性

基于列车时刻表中的省会城市间交通时间以及相应票价数据和各省市城镇居民家庭人均收入数据,以铁路服务价格、城镇居民消费铁路服务能力两方面为突破口,分析高铁网络对中国省会城市经济可达性的影响。结果表明：① 高铁网络不同程度地提升了省会城市铁路服务价格,降低了铁路服务价格与时间可达性的相关性,同时改变了铁路服务价格的分布格局。② 城镇居民消费铁路服务能力等级差异明显,其中收入水平发挥着决定性作用,而铁路服务价格的影响也不容忽视。③ 高铁网络缩小了“所有城市”铁路服务价格、铁路服务消费能力分布的不公平性,但扩大了“高铁城市”铁路服务价格、铁路服务消费能力分布的不公平性;铁路服务消费能力分布的不公平程度高于铁路服务价格分布的不公平程度。     

张掖市农户社会资本特征分析

社会资本作为影响可持续发展的重要因素之一,对国家或区域的社会经济发展具有重要作用。以张掖市为研究区,设计了社会资本的测量指标,利用入户调查资料,采用主成分分析法测算了张掖市的社会资本指数和该区农户的社会资本特征,并通过回归剖析了影响农户社会资本的因素。结果表明：（1）张掖市农户社会资本指数为4.93,其中,农户社会资本信任维度的发展水平最高,信息传播维度的发展水平最低;（2）影响信任维度的因素有户主受教育程度、农户财富差异;影响政治赋权维度的因素有户主受教育程度、户主年龄;影响网络维度的因素有户主受教育程度、家庭年收入和户主年龄;影响合作维度的因素有户主受教育程度、家庭年收入、户主年龄和农户财富差异;影响社会凝聚力维度的因素有户主受教育程度、户主年龄与农户财富差异,影响信息传播维度的因素有户主受教育程度、家庭年收入、以及农户财富差异。     

A study on marine region carrying capacity and eco-compensation

With the using up of land resources, people are beginning to pay attention to the exploitation of the ocean and the use of marine resources is becoming more and more intense. Whether and how the ocean can be sustainably exploited as it is being exploited is an academic hot topic. This question is addressed in this paper based on the theories of carrying capacity of a marine region and marine eco-compensation, and the amount of the loss is calculated by the method of Time Value of Capital. This thesis covers the study of eco-compensation between two specific subjects with clear compensation objects, and as a defined approach and standard, the proposed method has good operability and positive practical significance in the good use of the ocean.     

资源约束下的三元函数区域增长模式

区域经济动力学的核心问题是区域增长,本文将资源要素引进生产函数,建立了资源约束下的三元区域增长模式,研究揭示:(1)模式不仅可以较好地模拟区域发展的不同阶段,还可以较客观地描写、预测区域发展与环境资源等区域因素的关系;(2)在区域经济(区域社会生产)这个经济“大木桶”里,起到主要约束作用的因素是资源,而不是通常备受关注的资金或管理因素;(3)资源指数越小越有利于区域资本的积累和社会生产总量的增加。