3S在耕地保护动态监管中的关键技术研究

随着3S技术的发展和逐渐成熟,应用也越来越多,该文主要利用RS技术快速获取遥感卫星影像数据,利用GPS技术获取动态监测数据,利用GIS的可视化技术和强大的空间分析功能,整合建立全省整治项目数据库,依托于省国土资源内网,遵循山东省国土资源系统"一个平台,两个市场"实施方案技术要求,充分利用现有网络、软硬件等基础设施,建立省、市、县三级国土资源耕地保护管理全业务、全流程的网上运行和全程监管机制,构建全省统一的耕地保护动态监管网络体系,实现了对耕地保护的动态监管,为耕地的"先补后占,占补平衡"提供了可靠的保障。     

深水风浪的平均波长与平均周期的关系

在Gaussian波场基础上,推导出以P-M谱和平均JONSWAP谱代表的充分成长和有限风区的深水风浪平均波长与平均波周期之间的关系为.推导中运用了Rice跨零点问题的解并通过滑动时间平均技术估计4阶谱矩.在风浪水槽进行了实验,实验结果与有限风区下推导出的关系相比较,符合较好.     

Global and Regional Impacts of Vegetation on the Hydrological Cycle and Energy Budget as Represented by the Community Atmosphere Model （CAM3）

The effects of vegetation and its seasonal variation on energy and the hydrological cycle were examined using a state-of-the-art Community Atmosphere Model （CAM3）. Three 15-year numerical experiments were completed： the first with realistic vegetation characteristics varying monthly （VEG run）, the second without vegetation over land （NOVEG run）, and the third with the vegetation characteristics held at their annual mean values （VEGMEAN run）. In these models, the hydrological cycle and land surface energy budget were widely affected by vegetation. Globaland annual-mean evapotranspiration significantly increased compared with the NOVEG by 11.8% in the VEG run run, while runoff decreased by 13.2% when the realistic vegetation is incorporated. Vegetation plays different roles in different regions. In tropical Asia, vegetation-induced cooling of the land surface plays a crucial role in decreasing tropical precipitation. In middle latitudes and the Amazon region, however, the vegetation-induced increase of evapotranspiration plays a more important role in increasing precipitation. The seasonal variation of vegetation also shows clear influences on the hydrological cycle and energy budget. In the boreal mid-high latitudes where vegetation shows a strong seasonal cycle, evapotranspiration and precipitation are higher in the summer in the VEG run than in the VEGMEAN run.     

CO2 Flux Estimation by Different Regression Methods from an Alpine Meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

CO2 efflux was estimated using different regression methods in staticchamber observation from an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.The CO2 efflux showed a seasonal pattern, with the maximun fluxoccurring in the middle of July. The temperature sensitivity of CO2efflux (Q10> was 3.9, which was at the high end of the range ofglobal values. CO2 emissions calculated by linear and nonlinearregression were significantly different (p<0.05). Compared with the linearregression, CO2 emissions calculated by exponential regression andquadratic regression were 12.7% and 11.2% larger, respectively.However, there were no significant differences in temperature sensitivityvalues estimated by the three methods. In the entire growing season, theCO2 efflux estimated by linear regression may be underestimated by upto 25% compared to the real CO2 efflux. Consequently, great cautionshould be taken when using published flux data obtained by linear regressionof static chamber observations to estimate the regional CO2 flux inalpine meadows on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.     

Modeling the effects of riparian planting strategies on stream temperature: Increasing suitable habitat for endangered Formosan Landlocked Salmon in Shei‐Pa National Park,Taiwan

Reducing or stabilizing the stream temperature of ChiChiaWan Creek is a crucial work for Formosan Landlocked Salmon because ChiChiaWan Creek is the only one habitat for this endangered species. Planting trees in the riparian zone would be one of the alternatives. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of several planting strategies on daily maximum stream temperature along the river. The results showed the effective vegetative shading angles should be more than 50° along ChiChiaWan Creek to reduce the direct solar radiation heating effectively. Upstream planting with 70° vegetative shading angle could be the most effective way among all the scenarios. However, this planting strategy could not improve the worst situations in summer because of the large solar elevation angles. The upstream planting in ChiChiaWan Creek was strongly recommended because the canopies could be easier to extend to totally cover the narrow width of river producing the most effective shades. Practicing the upstream planting with 90° vegetative shading angle can increase more than 1 km long suitable habitats for the endangered Salmon in summer. Alternatively, the west‐side planting scenario was the second effective way for temperature reduction. Our result provided a useful suggestion for the authorities in charge of saving the Formosan Landlocked Salmon, particularly under the stress of global warming. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

天文光干涉与综合孔径技术的发展

本文简单介绍了光干涉与综合孔径技术发展的历史、国际上用于天文观测的一些著名光干涉仪的技术特点和进展、以及近年来我国开展的与光干涉 ,综合孔径技术有关的工作 ,最后简要介绍了在光学综合孔径技术领域所发展的光纤与集成光学等新技术     

Fe、Mn、Cu在锡林河流域温带草原植被中的含量特征

本文研究了Fe、Mn、Cu三个同周期的植物营养元素在内蒙古锡林河流域三个主要草原群落植被中的含量特征,研究表明:三个元素在凋落物及根系中的含量较高,在立枯中较低,在活体中最低;沿降水、气温和海拔梯度,活体、凋落物中的含量按贝加尔针茅草原、羊草草原、大针茅草原递减,Cu例外,在植物生长末期是递增的;立枯中的元素含量在生长初期递增,在后期递减,Cu也例外,初期和后期都是递增的;在植物系统各组成部分中,生长初期三个元素的含量要高于生长后期;地上部植物体分解程度越高,三个元素的含量也越高;Cu强烈富集于根系中;土壤及降水分别是影响植物元素含量及植物分解的重要因子;三个元素在各草原群落地上部活体中的含量都能够满足牲畜的需要。     

The aboveground biomass of desert steppe and its spatiotemporal variation in western Inner Mongolia

A precise understanding of the aboveground biomass of desert steppe and its spatio-temporal variation is important to understand how arid ecosystems respond to climate change and to ensure that scarce grassland resources are used rationally. On the basis of 756 ground survey quadrats sampled in western Inner Mongolia steppe in 2005–2011 and remote sensing data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)—the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) dataset for the period of 2001–2011—we developed a statistical model to estimate the aboveground biomass of the desert steppe and further explored the relationships between aboveground biomass and climate factors. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the aboveground biomass of the steppe in the research area was 5.27 Tg (1 Tg=10¹² g) on average over 11 years; between 2001 and 2011, the aboveground biomass of the western Inner Mongolia steppe exhibited fluctuations, with no significant trend over time; (2) the aboveground biomass of the steppe in the research area exhibits distinct spatial variation and generally decreases gradually from southeast to northwest; and (3) the important factor causing interannual variations in aboveground biomass is precipitation during the period from January to July, but we did not find a significant relationship between the aboveground biomass and the corresponding temperature changes. The precipitation in this period is also an important factor influencing the spatial distribution of aboveground biomass (R²=0.39, P<0.001), while the temperature might be a minor factor (R²=0.12, P<0.01). The uncertainties in our estimate are primarily due to uncertainty in converting the fresh grass yield estimates to dry weight, underestimates of the biomass of shrubs, and error in remote sensing dataset.     

"数字地球"与实时地震学

“数字地球”是对真实地球及其相关现象的统一性的数字化重现和认识，是信息化的地球，是地球的虚拟对照体。“数字地球”的科学体系由基础研究、技术支撑和科学工程三部分组成。现代地震学同样需要基础研究、支撑技术和科学工程，其中，最后一个体系即相当于实时地震学。实时地震学调基础研究和现代技术的结合，强调地震学研究成果的转化和对社会与公众的服务，是地震学发展的“最高境界”。实时地震学需要基础研究和现代技术，更需要建立地震速报系统、地震趋势分析系统、灾害评估系统和地震救灾系统这样的系统工程。     

滇池东北部沿岸带生态修复技术研究及工程示范——生态修复目标的确定及其可行性分析

连续6年对星湖仙女湖区水生植被种类、分布、生物量、水体状况进行了调查研究;共采集到水生植物24种,隶属于18科23属,可分为挺水植被、漂浮植被、浮叶植被和沉水植被4种生活型和8个植物群丛,其中苦草群丛占水生植被生物量70％以上,密齿苦草为绝对优势种;2004年与1999年比较,星湖仙女湖水体叶绿素a增加142％,透明度下降54％,水生植被盖度和生物量减少99％,水生植被群落结构趋于简化、多样性下降;星湖仙女湖水生植被发生逆向演替的主要原因是水体污染负荷增加和渔业生产的影响,削减污染负荷和控制渔业生产是促进星湖仙女湖水生植被恢复的重要途径．