黄河小花间石山林区产汇流特征

产汇流机理研究是水文模拟的基础 ,从实测水文资料出发进行深入分析是认识产汇流特性的有效手段。黄河小花间 (小浪底 -花园口间 )洛河卢氏以上流域为典型的石山林区 ,产汇流特性不同于黄河流域的一般地区。从选取的 43场暴雨洪水资料分析得出 :该地区的暴雨空间分布不均匀 ,存在着明显的暴雨中心 ,产流机制和产流模式复杂。进一步分析变化环境下的降水径流特性后 ,发现年径流量的变化主要受控于降水特性 ,下垫面的改变和人类活动对年降水径流关系影响并不显著 ;但对次洪而言 ,该区生态保护和水土保持措施在一定程度上减少了产流能力 ,提高了暴雨径流相关性。     

鄂尔多斯盆地多种能源矿产分布及其构造背景

借助“成矿系统”的思维, 探讨鄂尔多斯盆地成矿(藏)系统形成机制及其构造背景.盆地于中生代处于大地构造体制转折的重要阶段, 盆地边缘的造山活动显著, 盆内亦分别于晚三叠世、晚侏罗世与晚白垩世左右发生过3次构造热事件.区域构造体制转换事件导致了多种成藏(矿)作用的发生.盆地内部的构造热事件引发了有机流体的活动, 周缘造山作用产生了向盆内流动的无机含铀热液.有机和无机流体的活动过程中存在相互作用, 有机流体的存在形成氧化-还原障, 导致无机流体关键物理化学参数的转变, 在氧化-还原界面处成矿.突变成矿和界面成矿是多种能源矿产成矿过程的主要机制.      

规划管理与部门协调的国际经验及其对“多规融合”的启示

从日本、美国、英国3个国家案例分析中总结出规划管理和部门协调的经验并探讨对中国"多规融合"实践的启示。日本的国土规划体系包含多类规划,但规划间关系明确,各部门交叉进行规划制定,并在规划实施中紧密配合。美国一般对规划不进行集中统一管理,各个城市和区域的规划实践比较多元,相关法律对于部门协调有明确的规定。同时,综合规划与城市投资计划、环境影响评估相协调,部分州通过城市增长管理来控制城市蔓延。英国的空间规划体系比较单一,从中央到地方呈现二级或三级体系,由地方政府制定地方发展框架总领空间规划。结合国外经验的启示,从制度改革、法律保障、规划内容与实施三方面为国内"多规融合"实践提出建议。     

高分辨率地层学的特点、应用范围及研究意义

着重对高分辨率地层学的主要特征进行阐述 ,高分辨率地层学的主要特色 ,就是提高对地质时限的划分 ,也即小于 1Ma地质时限的划分 ,与传统生物地层方法相比 ,其精度可提高数十倍 ,其研究对象主要是旋回层和事件层。高分辨率地层学应用广泛 ,不但能够极大提高划分和对比的精度 ,而且能够满足当代地层学、盆地深入研究的需要。     

用试桩值反演分析不同土体预应力砼管桩参数

通过3个场地试桩资料反演分析，取得不同土体管桩参数选取原则与方法初步成果：砂性土侧阻力、端阻力可据实测标贯击数加5击后的密实度按桩基规范选取，且具有桩端进入持力层越深端阻力越大的特点，甚至可将砾砂的端阻力提高到卵石挡选取；上更新统粘性土侧阻力、端阻力亦可据实测液性指数提高一挡或半挡按桩基规范选取；全新统粘性土、上更新统粉土侧阻力可据实测液化指数或密实度直接按桩基规范选取。     

Progress of large-scale air-sea interaction studies in China

This paper summarizes the progress of large-scale air-sea interaction studies that has been achieved in China in the four-year period from July 1998 to July 2002, including seven aspects in the area of the air-sea interaction, namely air-sea interaction related to the tropical Pacific Ocean, monsoon-related air-sea interaction, air-sea interaction in the north Pacific Ocean, air-sea interaction in the Indian Ocean, air-sea interactions in the global oceans, field experiments, and oceanic cruise surveys. However more attention has been paid to the first and the second aspects because a large number of papers in the reference literature for preparing and organizing this paper are concentrated in the tropical Pacific Ocean, such as the ENSO process with its climatic effects and dynamics, and the monsoon-related air-sea interaction. The literature also involves various phenomena with their different time and spatial scales such as intraseasonal,annual, interannual, and interdecadal variabilities in the atmosphere/ocean interaction system, reflecting the contemporary themes in the four-year period at the beginning of an era from the post-TOGA to CLIVAR studies. Apparently, it is a difficult task to summarize the great progress in this area, as it is extracted from a large quantity of literature, although the authors tried very hard.     

蚯蚓影响下铅在砖红壤中的形态变化研究

采用中国热带农业科学院植物与环境保护研究所提供的赤子爱胜蚓（Eisenia foetida）和海南省典型的砖红壤为研究材料,通过蚯蚓的培养试验,研究不同处理时间（30d、60d）,蚯蚓对土壤中不同形态Pb含量的影响．结果表明：在短时间内（30d）蚯蚓对土壤中不同形态Pb含量作用不明显;但长时间（60d）作用里,蚯蚓活动能降低残渣态Pb含量,显著提高了土壤交换态、无定形氧化铁结合态Pb含量,而蚯蚓活动对碳酸盐结合态、晶形氧化铁结合态、有机态、无定形氧化锰结合态Pb含量影响不显著．     

砂砾土各级颗粒的管涌临界坡降研究

基于渗透力概念在管涌问题研究中的具体应用,按照渗透力与土颗粒浮重间的极限平衡推导出能计算管涌土的砂砾土料各级大小土颗粒的管涌临界坡降公式,并经过国内外大量管涌试验资料的验证是合理可信的。     

Determination of averaging period parameter and its effects analysis for eddy covariance measurements

It is more and more popular to estimate the exchange of water vapor, heat and CO2fluxes between the land surface and the atmosphere using the eddy covariance technique. To get believable fluxes, it is necessary to correct the observations based on the different surface conditions and to determine relevant techinical parameters. The raw 10 Hz eddy covariance data observed in the Yucheng and Changbai Mountains stations were recalculated by various averaging periods (from 1 to 720 min) respectively, and the recalculated results were compared with the results calculated by the averaging period of 30 mins. Meanwhile, the distinctions of fluxes calculated by different averaging periods were analyzed. The continuous 15 days observations over wheat fields in the Yucheng station were mainly analyzed. The results are shown that: (i) In the Yucheng station, compared with the observations by 30 min, when the averaging period changes from 10 to 60 min, the variations of the eddy-covariance estimates of fluxes were less than 2%; when the averaging period changes less than 10 min, the estimate of fluxes reduced obviously with the reduction of the averaging period (the max relative error was -12%); and when the averaging period exceeds 120 min, the eddy covariance estimates of fluxes will be increased and become unsteady (the max relative error is over 10%); (ii) the eddy covariance estimates of fluxes over wheat field in the Yucheng station suggusted that it is much better to take 10 min as an averaging period in studying diurnal change of fluxes, and take 30min for a long-term flux observation; and (iii) normalized ratio was put forward to determine the range of averaging period of eddy covariance measurements. By comparing the observations over farmlands and those over forests, it is indicated that the increase of eddy covariance estimates over tall forest was more than that over short vegetation when the averaging period increased.     

“全球变暖”背景下的全球温度时空变化特征

通过对各种温度资料所作的统计分析,得到全球变暖背景下的全球温度的时空变化特征.结果表明:二十世纪初以来,总体来讲全球、南半球、北半球均出现了强烈的增温;这种增温过程中存在着很大的地区差异和季节差异,甚至有些区域在某些时段出现了很强的降温;南北半球在这些变化过程中表现出了很大的差异;对流层上层的温度变化要强于对流层下层的温度变化;冬季的增温要明显地高于夏季,冬夏温差有减小的趋势.