Luminescence dating of marine sediments from the Sea of Japan using quartz OSL and polymineral pIRIR signals of fine grains

Luminescence dating has long been used for chronological constraints on marine sediments due to the ubiquitous dating materials (quartz and feldspar grains) and its applicability over a relatively long time range. However, one of the main difficulties in luminescence dating on marine sediments is partial bleaching, which causes age overestimations. Especially, partial bleaching is typically difficult to be detected in the fine grain fraction (FG) of marine sediments. The recently developed feldspar post-IR IRSL (pIRIR) protocol can detect non-fading signals and thus avoid feldspar signal instability. In the current study, fine grains were extracted from a gravity core in the northern Sea of Japan, and the aim is to test the feasibility of using different luminescence signals with various bleaching rates to explore the bleaching conditions of fine grain fraction in marine sediments. The results suggest that the quartz OSL signal and polymineral pIRIR signals at stimulation temperatures of 150 °C and 225 °C (pIRIR₁₅₀ and pIRIR₂₂₅) of FG were well bleached prior to deposition. The OSL ages were used to establish a chronology for this sedimentary core and the resulting age-depth relationship is self-consistent and comparable with radiocarbon dates. We conclude that different luminescence signals with various bleaching rates can be used to test the bleaching conditions of fine grain fraction in marine sediments; and the luminescence dating can be applied to marine sediments with great potential.     

地理信息安全加密系统的实现与应用

地理信息是涉及国家安全的基础性和战略性资源,出于对国家安全的考虑,需要对地理信息进行严格保护。本文通过研发地理信息安全加密系统,实现了对地理信息数据的安全管理与控制。以宾阳县地理国情普查数据生产为例,通过使用加密系统,实现了对地理信息数据分发、使用、生产的安全管理。     

试论地理国情监测专业的人才培养和学科体系

地理国情监测是我国提出的一项国家战略,已经成为我国测绘地理信息事业今后20年发展的重要内容,是测绘地理信息部门未来的重要职责。人才是地理国情监测的第一资源,培养地理国情监测的优秀人才是地理国情监测的基础性工作。本文在对地理国情监测的基础理论和支撑技术进行分析的基础上,从地理国情监测工作的需求出发,立足于科学发展和学科前沿,对地理国情监测的学科体系和人才培养进行了分析和探讨。     

地理国情普查质量控制体系构建及效果分析

地理国情普查是采用空间化的方法反映自然要素与人文要素的空间分布、基本特征及其相互关系,为政府提升宏观决策的科学性及优化各类资源的配置提供依据。完善的质量控制体系是获取真实、准确、可靠的地理国情成果的有力保障。本文介绍了地理国情普查质量控制体系设计出发点、内容及其效果,对未来开展地理国情常态化监测的质量控制具有一定借鉴意义。     

地理国情信息支撑下的空间开发适宜性评价

作为主体功能区划的重要基础性工作,空间开发适宜性评价在协调解决城镇化进程中产生的空间开发失控和区域无序竞争等问题方面具有重要意义。本文利用地理国情成果数据、大比例尺基础测绘成果数据和行业专题资料及统计资料,结合GIS分析技术和层次分析方法,在构建适宜榆林市实际的空间开发适宜性评价体系的基础上,详细分析了榆林市空间开发的适宜性。结果表明,榆林市最适宜开发和较适宜开发的区域主要分布在榆林市的西北部地区,占榆林市总面积的18.4%;最不适宜开发和不适宜开发的地区主要分布在榆林市东南部地区,分别占榆林市总面积的39.86%和41.75%。究其原因,可能由于榆林市东南部多为山区、地势复杂,属于地质灾害频发地区,同时该地区人口数量大,导致人均可利用水资源较为匮乏,开发难度较大。     

Importance of hydrogeological conditions during formation of the karstic bauxite deposits,Central Guizhou Province,Southwest China: A case study at Lindai deposit

Karstic bauxite deposits are widespread in Central Guizhou Province, SW China, and high-grade ores are frequently sandwiched with overlying coal and underlying iron-rich layers and form a special “coal–bauxite–iron” structure. The Lindai deposit, which is one of the most representative karstic bauxite deposits in Central Guizhou Province, was selected as a case study. Based on textural features and iron abundances, bauxite ores in the Lindai deposit are divided into three types of ores, i.e., clastic, compact, and high-iron. The bauxite ores primarily comprise diaspore, boehmite, kaolinite, illite, and hematite with minor quartz, smectite, pyrite, zircon, rutile, anatase, and feldspar. The Al₂O₃ (53–76.8 wt.%) is the main chemical contents of the bauxite ore samples in the Lindai district, followed by SiO₂, Fe₂O₃, TiO₂, CaO, MgO, S, and P etc. Our geological data on the Lindai deposit indicated that the ore-bearing rock series and its underlying stratum have similar rare earth elements distribution pattern and similar Y/Ho, Zr/Hf, and Eu/Eu¹ values; additionally, all ore-bearing rock samples are rich in MgO (range from 0.16 wt.% to 0.68 wt.%), and the plots of the dolomites and laterites lie almost on or close to the weathering line fit by the Al-bearing rocks in Zr vs. Hf and Nb vs. Ta diagrams; suggesting that the underlying Middle Cambrian Shilengshui Formation dolomite is the parent rock of bauxite resources in the Lindai district.Simulated weathering experiments on the modern laterite from the Shilengshui Formation dolomite in the Lindai bauxite deposit show that hydrogeological conditions are important for karstic bauxite formation: Si is most likely to migrate, its migration rate is several magnitudes higher than those of Al and Fe under natural conditions; the reducing inorganic acid condition is the most conducive to Al enrichment and Si removal; Fe does not migrate easily in groundwater, Al enrichment and Fe removal can occur only in acidic and reducing conditions with the presence of organic matter.The geological and experimental studies show that “coal–bauxite–iron” structure in Lindai deposit is formed under certain hydrogeological conditions, i.e., since lateritic bauxite or Al-rich laterite deposited upon the semi-closed karst depressions, Si can be continuously removed out under neutral/acidic groundwater conditions; the coal/carbonaceous rock overlying the bauxitic materials were easily oxidized to produce acidic (H₂S, H₂SO₄, etc.) and reductant groundwater with organic materials that percolated downward, resulting in enrichment of Al in underlying bauxite; it also reduced Fe³⁺ to its easily migrating form Fe²⁺, moving downward to near the basal carbonate culminated in precipitating of ferruginous (FeS₂, FeCO₃, etc.) strata of the “coal–bauxite–iron” structure. Thus, the bauxitic materials experienced Al enrichment and Si and Fe removal under above certain hydrogeological conditions forming the high-quality bauxite.     

顾及空间自相关的地理国情信息统计格网尺度选择——以植被覆盖信息统计为例

统计格网尺度的不同会带来统计结果的差异,如何选择统计格网是地理国情信息统计的重要工作。本文提出了一种顾及空间自相关的地理国情信息统计格网尺度选择方法。采用地理国情普查数据,在50 m、60 m、70 m、80 m、90 m、100 m、250 m、500 m和1000 m几个尺度下,以植被覆盖信息统计为例,利用面积占优法和中心点归属法两种方法分别进行格网化,得到了不同尺度的植被格网数据;计算植被覆盖面积统计误差,分析不同尺度下植被覆盖信息的空间自相关的变化特征,并利用Moran’s I系数差值进行尺度选择,得到了植被覆盖信息统计格网的适宜尺度。以龙沙区和清涧县作为研究区域,结果表明,在地理国情植被覆盖信息统计时,不同地区的格网统计适宜尺度是不一样的,植被覆盖度中低的龙沙区的适宜尺度为100 m,而植被覆盖度高的清涧县的适宜尺度为250 m。     

胶西北中生代花岗岩中黑云母和角闪石成分特征及成岩成矿意义

在详细的野外地质和岩相学观察基础上,对胶西北中生代玲珑期、郭家岭期和伟德山期花岗岩中的黑云母和角闪石进行了系统的化学成分研究。结果显示,玲珑期,研究区中部和南部花岗岩中的黑云母为铁叶云母和铁质黑云母,其MgO为4.07%~6.53%,具有壳源型黑云母的特征;北部主要为铁质黑云母和镁质黑云母,MgO介于9.13%~11.57%之间,具壳幔混源型的特征;郭家岭期和伟德山期花岗岩中的黑云母以铁质黑云母和镁质黑云母为主,MgO为7.62%~15.38%,均为壳幔混源型,其中的角闪石均属于钙质角闪石,M值为0.44~0.76。暗色矿物成分显示玲珑期花岗岩的源区物质主要为壳源,郭家岭期和伟德山期的以壳源为主,有少量幔源组分参与。三期花岗岩中黑云母结晶温度主要集中于550~700℃,而角闪石的结晶温度为600~750℃,从玲珑期到郭家岭期再到伟德山期,即从早到晚,黑云母的结晶温度有升高的趋势;全铝压力计估算结果显示,黑云母和角闪石的结晶压力具有降低的趋势。郭家岭期和伟德山期花岗岩中黑云母结晶过程中的氧逸度分别为-15.0~-9.0和-15.3~-8.8,明显比玲珑期的(-17.5~-13.2)高。结合胶西北金矿的时空分布特征,认为花岗岩结晶过程中较高的氧逸度和幔源物质的参与可能是有利于金矿化的重要条件之一。     

美国近期陆地油气钻井业逐步回升的态势分析

自2014年6月国际油价暴跌开始,世界油气市场进入低迷阶段。而当美国二叠纪盆地巨量页岩油藏发现和开发之后,从2016年中期开始,美国陆上油气钻采活动逐渐增加,钻井承包商与钻井公司携钻机蜂拥而至二叠纪盆地和其它油田。这新一轮油气市场可能回复的迹象,进一步促进了钻井设备的更新换代,以工厂化作业为标志的新型先进钻机将供不应求,而大多数老旧机械式钻机则面临淘汰。另一方面,由于这二三年油气市场的低谷,许多高级技术人员和熟练操作人员被裁员,人才大量流失,而新型先进钻机也需要具有专门技能的人员操作,于是近期美国许多公司把保留和培养钻采技术人才放在重要位置,制订和实施了许多培训人才的策略和措施。本文对近期美国陆地油气钻井活动的主要特点和态势进行了分析。     

滇西双江县勐库地区退变质榴辉岩中闪石类矿物的成因研究

勐库地区新近发现的退变质榴辉岩中晚期退变质作用形成的闪石类矿物十分丰富,其携带了大量晚期退变质过程中的岩石成因信息。本文通过系统的矿物学研究,鉴定出了3期10种闪石类矿物,其中以镁钙闪石、镁角闪石、铁镁钙闪石、铁韭闪石、透闪石、阳起石等钙质闪石类为主,有少量冻蓝闪石、蓝透闪石等钠-钙闪石类。研究发现,随着退变质过程中时间的推移,角闪石的形成环境逐渐由还原环境向弱氧化环境、氧化环境演变。根据角闪石电子探针成分测试结果计算了相应的温度、压力条件。结合岩相学的资料,将退变质过程分为3期:(1)第1期早阶段为近等温降压过程(p=0.56~0.75 GPa,t=642~709℃),主要形成铁韭闪石、铁镁钙闪石、镁钙闪石;晚阶段为等温降压过程(p=0.39~0.56 GPa,t=619~642℃),主要形成镁钙闪石及少量镁绿钙闪石、铁韭闪石;(2)第2期为降温降压过程(p=0.23~0.42 GPa,t=460~610℃),主要形成镁角闪石、冻蓝闪石及铁角闪石;(3)第3期为近等温降压过程(p=0.09~0.31 GPa,t=350~420℃),主要形成透闪石、阳起石、蓝透闪石等。闪石类的成分变化反映了退变质榴辉岩从地壳底部的角闪石榴辉岩-高压麻粒岩相温压环境向中上地壳角闪岩相、绿片岩相温压环境的渐次退变质作用过程。这与昌宁-孟连构造带上印支期的碰撞造山作用、燕山期的区域性地壳伸展、喜马拉雅期的陆内造山运动具有较好的对应关系。