One‐dimensional consolidation with a threshold gradient: a Stefan problem with rate‐dependent latent heat

During the process of one‐dimensional consolidation with a threshold gradient, the seepage front moves downward gradually, and the problem is indicated as a Stefan problem. The novel feature in this Stefan problem is a latent heat that varies inversely with the rate of the moving boundary. An exact solution for the external load that increases in proportion to the square root of time is constructed using the similarity transformation technique. Computational examples concerning the effect of different parameters on the motion of the seepage front are presented. The exact solution provides a worthwhile benchmark for verifying the accuracy of numerical and approximate methods. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

勘探工程地质统计信息法

勘探工程地质统计信息法试图运用定量评价准则研究勘探工程,而定量评价准则是建立在矿体数学模型基础上。本文在最优勘探方案和最优工程位置选择方面作了一些研究。     

Theoretical background for the inversion of seismic waveforms including elasticity and attenuation

To account for elastic and attenuating effects in the elastic wave equation, the stress-strain relationship can be defined through a general, anisotropic, causal relaxation function ^ijkl (x, ). Then, the wave equation operator is not necessarily symmetric (self-adjoint), but the reciprocity property is still satisfied. The representation theorem contains a term proportional to the history of strain. The dual problem consists of solving the wave equation withfinal time conditions and an anti-causal relaxation function. The problem of interpretation of seismic waveforms can be set as the nonlinear inverse problem of estimating the matter density (x) and all the functions ^ijkl (x, ). This inverse problem can be solved using iterative gradient methods, each iteration consisting of the propagation of the actual source in the current medium, with causal attenuation, the propagation of the residuals—acting as if they were sources—backwards in time, with anti-causal attenuation, and the correlation of the two wavefields thus obtained.     

A simplified computational approach for prediction of transient climatic conditions in underground mine airways

Summary A simplified approach for prediction of transient climatic conditions in an underground airway os presented. The dry surface temperature of the airway is calculated using a finite difference scheme, whereas the wet surface temperature is determined following the concept of pseudo-base-temperature of air and using the value of thermal gradient at the dry surface as obtained from the finite difference solution of the temperature profile in the dry rock. The air-current temperatures are regularly evaluated after a suitable time span so as to simulate a real-case situation, and the re-evaluated air-current temperatures are used for further calculations. For increasing age of the airway the wet surface temperature obtained by the finite difference scheme, with an appropriate value of thermal diffusivity, is compared with its value determined by the pseudo-base-temperature approach.     

人机联作的智能化测井信号对比

我们建立了用于地球物理信号对比的一种人机联作的处理方法.对多种信号匹配的算法做了研究、改进和实现,把算法研究和人工测井对比的知识和经验进行归纳,形成基于规则的信号处理,并设计了层次化分解处理结构,实现多种算法的混合运用和数据驱动的算法参数选择.由于结合了相关资料信息和解释人员判断,信号对比问题才能更为适定.人机联作的处理模式以用户的参与来克服一些智能化处理实现的困难.实测结果证明该方法有效.     

以地震烈度为参数的地震危险性分析方法

在严格限定地震烈度是一有序分类变量，等震线是烈度分区的外包线的基础上，建立了一种新的地震烈度衰减关系，给出了计算场地地震烈度发生概率的计算公式。     

变比例尺地图投影系统

本文对编制城市游览图提出了变比例尺地图投影系统。通过由普通城市平面图向辅助球面作逆投影A,再由辅助球面向平面作非A投影,构成了变比例尺地图的数学基础。由不同性质的投影的组合,能起到适应不同城市街区结构的特点。使本系统具有相当的灵活性。文中还讨论了辅助球适宜的大小和不同方位投影之间的变换公式。文末试作了北京市的变比例尺地图。     

Bacterial contribution to sedimentary organic matter; a comparative study of lipid moieties in bacteria and Recent sediments

A systematic study of the lipid composition of thirteen bacterial species and three Recent sediments (methanogenic sediment, cyanobacterial mat and evaporative gypsum crust) was undertaken in an attempt to recognize bacterial organic matter in sediments. A sequential method, which distinguishes between three different modes of occurrence of lipid moieties (free, OH⁻- and H⁺-labile), was applied. The acid-labile fractions are discussed.The three main groups of bacteria, archaebacteria, gram-positive eubacteria and gram-negative eubacteria, are easily distinguished. Methanogenic and extremely halophilic archaebacteria are characterized by the presence of diphytanyl glyceryl ether and the absence of fatty acids. The gram-positive eubacteria contain primarily iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids whereas the gram-negative bacteria and sediments are dominated by β- and α-hydroxy fatty acids. A wide variety of H⁺-labile hydroxy fatty acids was observed which included several, as yet unknown, structures.β-Hydroxy fatty acids in this H⁺-labile mode of occurrence are exclusively present in bacteria. Their distribution patterns in sediments are considered “fingerprints” of past and present bacterial populations. The specific differences in β -hydroxy fatty acid compositions observed in the different bacteria and the three sediments investigated, suggest that amide-linked β-hydroxy fatty acid patterns are useful as markers of bacterial populations and therefore of environmental conditions.     

中国沉积变质型铀矿床矿化特征和成矿条件探讨

我国沉积变质型铀矿床主要产在华北地台的太古界、元古界的变质岩系中,都在古老基底剥蚀面之上,有花岗岩侵入或混合岩化。古地理环境为滨海-浅海相中近古海岸线的基底洼地。矿化特点因地段不同而异:远离花岗岩地段,矿体呈似层状,与地层产状基本一致,受层位、岩性控制,铀矿物是沥青铀矿,粒度小,沿层理定向排列;近花岗岩外接触带或混合岩化地段为巢状矿体,铀矿物是晶质铀矿,粒度大,呈脉状、网脉状产出。与国外澳北区铀矿床相比,两者基本相似,但我国铀矿化分布空间大,形成时间长,无盖层。矿床形成过程为:沉积阶段形成了富铀