Unconfined seepage analysis in earth dams using smoothed fixed grid finite element method

One major difficulty in seepage analyses is finding the position of phreatic surface which is unknown at the beginning of solution and must be determined in an iterative process. The objective of the present study is to develop a novel non‐boundary‐fitted mesh finite‐element method capable of solving the unconfined seepage problem in domains with arbitrary geometry and continuously varied permeability. A new non‐boundary‐fitted finite element method named as smoothed fixed grid finite element method (SFGFEM) is used to simplify the solution of variable domain problem of unconfined seepage. The gradient smoothing technique, in which the area integrals are transformed into the line integrals around edges of smoothing cells, is used to obtain the element matrices. The solution process starts with an initial guess for the unknown boundary and SFGFEM is used to approximate the field variable. The boundary shape is then modified to eventually satisfy nonlinear boundary condition in an iterative process. Some numerical examples are solved to evaluate the applicability of the proposed method and the results are compared with those available in the literature. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于三维地图视觉变量理论的三维符号设计

本文首先介绍了三维符号的一种分类方法,然后结合三维态势感知的特点,将三维地图符号视觉变量理论合理的运用到三维符号的设计中去,并从实际应用的角度分析了三维态势表达中符号设计的合理性。     

矿产资源评价系统及其在东昆仑的应用

多元信息成矿预测是一种高效、高质量的找矿勘查方法,代表了当今找矿评价工作中的主流发展趋势,该方法是以成矿地质理论为指导、以地物化遥异常理论为依托、借助数学方法和计算机技术对地物化遥异常中的各种与矿床有关的信息进行量化分析,从而进行成矿预测的一种找矿勘查技术方法。本研究的重点是应用矿产资源评价系统,分析和运用研究区的地质、地球化学和地球物理信息,构造预测变量,将各种有利于矿床形成的变量进行成矿有利度得分和多源信息综合定量分析,在此基础上,综合分析东昆仑地区地质、矿产、地球物理和地球化学信息,根据已知矿床反映出的成矿规律、控矿条件及找矿标志建立找矿模型,对东昆仑地区进行了1：50万综合成矿预测,获得Sedex型矿床在东昆仑地区的成矿有利度分布,并圈定出找矿远景区。为东昆仑地区找矿预测提供了重要依据。     

改进权重的迭代最近点算法在点云配准中的应用

针对传统迭代最近点算法不具备抗差性的难题,利用迭代最近点算法配准残差的分布规律,综合M估计及选权迭代思想,提出改进权重的迭代最近点配准算法。根据每个点对配准计算出对应的初始权重,然后在附加点对权重的基础上使用选权迭代法计算出满足条件的权重,以达到抵御粗差的目的。结果表明,选权迭代过程能合理改善三维空间转换参数计算的结果,提出的改进算法较适合含粗差点的点云数据的配准。     

Uniform fragility spectra for the performance‐based seismic design of structures considering variabilities in structural properties

This paper presents a new methodology based on structural performance to determine uniform fragility design spectra, i.e., spectra with the same probability of exceedance of a performance level for a given seismic intensity. The design spectra calculated with this methodology provide directly the lateral strength, in terms of yield‐ pseudo‐accelerations, associated with the rate of exceedance of a specific ductility characterizing the performance level for which the structures will be designed. This procedure involves the assessment of the seismic hazard using a large enough number of seismic records of several magnitudes; these records are simulated with an improved empirical Green function method. The statistics of the performance of a single degree of freedom system are obtained using Monte Carlo simulation considering the seismic demand, the fundamental period, and the strength of the structure as uncertain variables. With these results, the conditional probability that a structure exceeds a specific performance level is obtained. The authors consider that the proposed procedure is a significant improvement to others considered in the literature and a useful research tool for the further development of uniform fragility spectra that can be used for the performance‐based seismic design and retrofit of structures.     

随机振动下大跨度钢管混凝土柱结构抗震性能测试方法

由地震等自然灾害引发的等级多变强随机振动会对大跨度钢管混凝土柱结构产生较大的破坏,造成相关建筑全结构寿命周期性衰减。提出一种随机振动下大跨度钢管混凝土柱结构的抗震性测试方法,在等级多变强随机振动的情况下,设计测试模型,利用信号的协方差矩阵将振动信号与噪声进行分离,通过计算振动信号的强度、后验密度及权值系数等对振动信号进行预处理,获取单一寿命衰减参数;在此基础上引入粒子群算法,求解大跨度钢管混凝土柱结构寿命衰减抑制周期,判断其抗震性。实验结果表明,按照大跨度钢管混凝土柱结构寿命衰减抑制周期的判断方法,可实现对相关建筑结构在等级多变强随机振动下的抗震性测试。     

有限长圆柱体磁异常场全空间正演方法

在经典位场理论中,许多简单形体位场异常难以通过积分得到全空间的解析式.圆柱体是一类很重要的理论模型体,常用于模拟圆柱状地质体或非地质体(如管线),但目前还不能用解析公式正演有限长圆柱体在三维空间里的磁异常,而多是采用近似简化为有限长磁偶极子或线模型代替.对于有限长圆柱体,特别是半径相对于上顶埋深较大时,这种近似的误差不可忽略.本文利用共轭复数变量替换法,推导出有限长圆柱体在全空间的引力位一阶、二阶导数,利用Poisson关系得到磁异常正演公式,进而利用有限长圆柱体磁异常正演公式求解管状体的磁异常,得到不同磁化方向、不同大小的管线产生的磁场的特征,并将其推广到截面为椭圆的情况.最后通过模拟计算定量给出了将圆柱体近似为线模型的条件.     

Automated rainfall simulator for variable rainfall on urban green areas

Rainfall simulators can enhance our understanding of the hydrologic processes affecting the total runoff to urban drainage systems. This knowledge can be used to improve urban drainage designs. In this study, a rainfall simulator is developed to simulate rainfall on urban green surfaces. The rainfall simulator is controlled by a microcomputer programmed to replicate the temporal variations in rainfall intensity of both historical and synthetic rainfall events with constant rainfall intensity on an area of 1 m². The performance of the rainfall simulator is tested under laboratory conditions with regard to spatial uniformity of the rainfall, the kinetic energy of the raindrops, and the ability to replicate historical and synthetic rainfall events with temporally varying intensity. The rainfall simulator is applied in the field to evaluate its functionality under field conditions and the influence of wind on simulated rainfall. Finally, a field study is carried out on the relationship between runoff, soil volumetric water content, and surface slope. Performance and field tests show that the simulated rainfall has a uniform spatial distribution, whereas the kinetic energy of the raindrops is slightly higher than that of other comparable rainfall simulators. The rainfall simulator performs best in low wind speed conditions. The simulator performs well in replicating historical and synthetic rainfall events by matching both intensity variations and accumulated rainfall depth. The field study shows good correlation between rainfall, runoff, infiltration, soil water content, and surface slope.     

非饱和土三剪强度准则及验证

基于材料三剪强度准则和非饱和土力学特性,提出了非饱和土的单应力变量和双应力变量三剪强度准则,并对其做了特征分析。分析表明,通过改变准则中的主应力影响系数b,所提准则就可以对其他强度准则进行非线性近似表达。在π平面的极限线中,所提强度准则覆盖了由内边界的单剪强度准则到外边界的三剪统一强度准则之间的所有外凸区域。因此,其适用于各种复杂应力状态下的非饱和土体,也能反映非饱和土单轴抗拉抗压强度不等的特征。另外,还用其他文献的真三轴试验数据对所提准则做了试验验证,其中,非饱和黏土砂的真三轴试验值与中主应力影响系数b=0.6时的三剪强度准则预测值吻合较好,双应力变量下准则的预测值比单应力变量下的预测值更符合试验值;非饱和黄土真三轴试验值与中主应力影响系数b=0.2时的三剪强度准则预测值吻合较好,两种应力变量下的三剪强度准则预测值差别较小。     

半主动TLCD对固定式海洋平台的离散神经网络滑模控制

主要研究了半主动调液柱型阻尼器（TLCD）对固定式海洋平台的离散神经网络滑模变结构控制方法。首先建立了平台结构-TLCD控制系统微分方程及其离散化状态空间表达,然后阐述了基于神经网络的滑模变结构控制的基本算法和控制策略,最后应用该神经网络滑模变结构控制策略对一个已建成的实际海洋平台结构的TLCD半主动控制问题进行了数值仿真分析。仿真分析的结果证明了该方法的有效性。