高能量冲击下淤泥土体能量传递规律试验研究

以往动力排水固结室内模型试验,通常冲击能量低,软土物理力学响应激发不够,难以寻求与工程实践相符的能量传递规律。利用可提供高冲击能的多向高能高速电磁力冲击智能控制试验系统,对淤泥类超软土进行静动力排水固结模型试验,获得了高能量多遍冲击作用下竖向与表层水平向能量传递规律：（1）冲击荷载下浅层土中相应土压增量始终最大,但随着夯击遍数增加,其下土层土压增幅随之相对增大;而就土层压缩量而言,首遍夯击下浅层土最大,此后中层与深层之值均大于浅层土之值,且其比值随着夯击遍数增加而增大,表明了主要压缩区向下移动;（2）静动力排水固结法中,冲击能量初始主要作用于浅层,此后随着淤泥力学性质不断沿深度方向改善,能量逐渐向下传递以主要加固下层及深层土体;（3）夯击作用下土层表面同一位置处竖向质点振动速度最大,径向次之,环向最小,且在一定的距离处趋向同一稳定值;振动加速度亦呈现相同的变化规律;模型试验得到的振动主要影响范围与实际工程一致。     

冻土水热耦合模型数值求解及结果检验

首先对作者所建立的基于多孔介质理论的季节冻土水热迁移耦合模型进行数值求解;对模型方程进行修正, 并给出了模型方程中参数的确定方法。然后以长春松原公路段土体为研究对象, 对实际工程中冻结情况下水分迁移的情况进行预测;给定模型边界条件对模型求解, 将结果与野外实际监测结果进行对比。温度变化对比数据表明, 模型可以较好地预测终值情况, 而中间过程的误差较大, 但是趋势基本一致。水分迁移方向及量的对比数据表明, 模型计算结果要小于实测结果, 但是整体上计算结果与实测结果的变化趋势较一致, 且同样是和最终值吻合较好, 误差最小。结果表明, 模型计算结果可较好地模拟参数最终值, 但存在一定误差。     

A GLE-based model for seismic displacement analysis of slopes including strength degradation and geometry rearrangement

Seismic performance of natural slopes, earth structures and solid-waste landfills can be evaluated through displacement-based methods in which permanent displacements induced by earthquake loading are assumed to progressively develop along the critical sliding surface as a result of transient activation of plastic mechanisms within the soil mass. For sliding mechanisms of general shape the earthquake-induced displacements should be computed using a model that provides a closer approximation of sliding surface. When large permanent displacement are induced by seismic actions, due to substantial shear strength reduction, and significant changes in ground surface occur, an improved estimate of permanent displacement can be obtained using a model which accounts for shear strength reduction and mass transfer between adjacent portions of the slope resulting from geometry changes of ground surface during the seismic event.In this paper, a GLE-based model is proposed for seismic displacement analysis of slopes that accounts for shear strength degradation and for geometry rearrangement. Model accuracy is validated against experimental results obtained from shaking table tests carried out on small scale model slopes. Comparison of computed and experimental results demonstrates the capability of the proposed approach in capturing the main features of the observed seismic response of the model slopes.     

Impact of model development,calibration and validation decisions on hydrological simulations in West Lake Erie Basin

Watershed simulation models are used extensively to investigate hydrologic processes, landuse and climate change impacts, pollutant load assessments and best management practices (BMPs). Developing, calibrating and validating these models require a number of critical decisions that will influence the ability of the model to represent real world conditions. Understanding how these decisions influence model performance is crucial, especially when making science‐based policy decisions. This study used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model in West Lake Erie Basin (WLEB) to examine the influence of several of these decisions on hydrological processes and streamflow simulations. Specifically, this study addressed the following objectives (1) demonstrate the importance of considering intra‐watershed processes during model development, (2) compare and evaluated spatial calibration versus calibration at outlet and (3) evaluate parameter transfers across temporal and spatial scales. A coarser resolution (HUC‐12) model and a finer resolution model (NHDPlus model) were used to support the objectives. Results showed that knowledge of watershed characteristics and intra‐watershed processes are critical to produced accurate and realistic hydrologic simulations. The spatial calibration strategy produced better results compared to outlet calibration strategy and provided more confidence. Transferring parameter values across spatial scales (i.e. from coarser resolution model to finer resolution model) needs additional fine tuning to produce realistic results. Transferring parameters across temporal scales (i.e. from monthly to yearly and daily time‐steps) performed well with a similar spatial resolution model. Furthermore, this study shows that relying solely on quantitative statistics without considering additional information can produce good but unrealistic simulations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On behavior of load transfer for drilled shafts embedded in weak rocks

This study deals with the formulation of an analytical solution for load transfer in drilled shaft and its application. The emphasis is on quantifying the mobilization of side resistances, which are closely related to shear behaviors of the concrete-rock interface. In this modelling, the side resistance is idealized by using elasticity-brittleness-plasticity, and a simple slip-line field is built to identify the critical shear displacement. The closed-form solution of load transfer is obtained by using the proposed shear model. Comparison between predictions and field observations is also made to validate performance of the proposed method.     

Modern diatom assemblages from Chilean tidal marshes and their application for quantifying deformation during past great earthquakes

Tidal marsh sediments from south‐central Chile provide evidence for multiple great earthquakes. Diatom transfer functions, statistical models of the relationship between species preserved in the sediment and elevation, provide quantitative estimates of coseismic vertical land‐level change associated with individual earthquakes. However, in south‐central Chile, our ability to quantify land‐level change is currently limited by a lack of understanding of the environmental variables controlling the distribution of diatoms, an essential prerequisite for converting variations in fossil diatom assemblages into quantitative estimates of past elevation changes. We present a new modern diatom dataset for the region and explore the implications of the scale of the dataset used in transfer function models on the reconstructions of land‐level change. Modern training sets containing samples from a regional scale are superior to sub‐regional and local‐scale training sets, providing closer estimates for known deformation during the great 1960 Chilean earthquake, a higher proportion of good modern analogues and uncertainty terms up to 42% smaller than previously published reconstructions. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Quaternary Science Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

     

北京连续降水水汽输送差异的同位素示踪

为了探讨连续降水过程中水汽输送的变化,应用NCEP/NCAR资料、HYSPLIT后向轨迹模拟及降水稳定同位素资料对北京22场连续降水的水汽输送差异进行了研究。结果表明:连续降水的水汽输送可分为西向水汽输送、远洋水汽输送、近海水汽输送、远源大陆水汽输送和局地大陆水汽输送5种类型,并以近海水汽输送和西向水汽输送为主（降水量占比60.8%）。不同水汽输送类型下降水δ18O的差异主要受水汽源区同位素富集程度及水汽输送途中降水过程的影响,降水氘盈余的变化反映出二次蒸发的影响及水汽源区大气相对湿度的差异。14场连续降水的水汽输送类型发生了变化,且降水δ18O值的变化能够较好地指示水汽输送类型的变化。该结果说明降水同位素特征能够为识别水汽输送类型提供有效信息。     

安徽省宿松县长溪山村江冲滑坡稳定性分析与评价

在实地踏勘的基础上,对宿松县长溪山村江冲滑坡的地质地貌条件以及滑坡体的基本特征进行了详细的分析。在此基础上,采用传递系数法对地质界面(现状滑面)稳定性进行了计算,对滑坡在不同工况条件下的稳定性及发展趋势进行了分析、评价与预测,最终提出了有效的防治措施建议。     

临沂市农村集体建设用地流转成效探析

随着经济的快速发展,国有建设用地日渐稀缺,而同时集体建设用地在经历了20世纪90年代末期乡镇企业的没落之后出现大量的闲置。因此,建立规范的农村集体建设用地市场,引导集体建设用地合法、有序流转是激发农村地区经济活力、缓解国有建设用地紧张的重要举措。临沂市自2003年开始试点农村集体建设用地流转工作,在长期的实践中取得了一定的成绩,但也出现了一系列问题。该文在总结了临沂市农村集体建设用地流转工作经验的同时,对实践中发现的一系列问题进行分析、探索,提出了促进农村集体建设用地流转的措施与建议。临沂市自2003年开始试点农村集体建设用地流转工作,至2013年临沂市农村集体建设用地流转1 425.17 hm~2,获得流转收益19 827.01万元。结合临沂市的现实状况和我国农地入市改革的推进情况,最终从顶层设计、严格执法、市场化运作、规划布局、分配机制构建等方面提出促进农村集体建设用地流转的措施与建议。