HST spectral imaging of Titan's haze and methane profile between 0.6 and 1 μm during the 2000 opposition

We report on the analysis of high spatial resolution visible to near-infrared spectral images of Titan at Ls=240° in November 2000, obtained with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph instrument on board the Hubble Space Telescope as part of program GO-8580. We employ a radiative transfer fractal particle aerosol model with a Bayesian parameter estimation routine that computes Titan's absolute reflectivity per pixel for 122 wavelengths by modeling the vertical distribution of the lower atmosphere haze and tropospheric methane. Analysis of these data suggests that Titan's haze concentration in the lower atmosphere varies in strength with latitude. We find Titan's tropospheric methane profile to be fairly consistent with latitude and longitude, and we find evidence for local areas of a CH₄-N₂ binary saturation in Titan's troposphere. Our results suggest that a methane and haze profile at one location on Titan would not be representative of global conditions.     

临清坳陷变换构造研究

讨论了临清坳陷内3个规模较大的调节构造带,即封丘左行传递带、马陵横向背斜调节带和夏津—腰站斜向背斜调节带的构造特征及成因机制。临清坳陷内“东西分带、南北分块”的构造特征,是由平行于裂谷轴方向的NNE(NE)向伸展正断层和垂直(或斜交)于裂谷轴方向的NW(NWW)斜向滑移断层及横向构造带等共同作用造成的;区内3个规模较大的调节构造带是造成“南北分块”的构造原因,这些调节构造带垂直或斜交于裂谷方向．通过传递带或调节带的方式调节不同伸展域间的应变,从而使区域应变守恒。     

1979-2016年我国东北地区空中水汽状况及变化趋势分析

水汽是形成云和降水的物质基础,与全球水分循环和能量平衡密切相关,对天气和气候具有重要影响。基于NCEP/NCAR月值再分析资料,综合分析我国东北地区上空不同高度层位比湿的气候学特征和长期趋势变化,同时分析了整层积分水汽通量的季节变化。结果表明：东北地区空中水汽集中分布于500 hPa以下,1979年至20世纪末低层比湿呈增加趋势,2000年后转为缓慢下降,但2012年以来波动回升。此外,东北地区比湿及水汽通量季节差异明显,夏季水汽含量最多,冬季最少,秋季多于春季;东北地区水汽含量最大值出现于7月,最低值出现在每年12月至次年1月。水汽来源受东亚季风系统影响明显,夏季水汽源地主要为南海,渤海和黄海对东北地区夏季水汽也有一定贡献;其他季节水汽主要来源于西风带输送。     

冀北张麻井铀钼矿床黄铁矿化蚀变岩地球化学迁移特征及与成矿关系亲缘性的讨论

张麻井铀钼矿床是中国北方最大的与火山岩有关的热液铀矿床,围岩蚀变广泛发育,其中黄铁矿化在该矿床分布虽 较为局限,但是与铀钼成矿关系密切。为了研究黄铁矿化蚀变与铀、钼成矿的亲缘关系,文章对张麻井的黄铁矿化蚀变岩 进行主、微量元素分析,并选择Yb作为不活动组分,使用质量平衡迁移计算方法, 利用Grant公式对其组分迁移进行定量 计算。岩石地球化学特征显示,黄铁矿化蚀变岩的TFeO含量极高,介于11.24%~24.57%之间(平均18.45%),其中Fe2O3含量 10.78%~25.25% （平均18.64%）、FeO含量1.43%~1.90% （平均1.69%）,Fe2O3/FeO比值平均为10.99,有可能受到后期氧 化。黄铁矿化蚀变岩在Isocon图解上等浓度线斜率小于1,表明整体发生了组分的带入,带入的主要组分为大量的TFeO （131倍）,成矿元素Mo（884倍）、Pb（11倍）、U（4.9倍）、V（2.8倍）、Ta（0.44倍）、Cu（0.64倍）,碱金属Na2O（0.45 倍）,以及Cd（424倍）、Bi（13倍） 等;带出的主要组分有碱金属Li（-0.73）、K2O（-0.17）,成矿元素Zn（-0.38）、Cr （-0.37）,以及Eu（-0.58）、Sc（-0.25） 等。其中SiO2略微减少（-0.03）,带入的Mo含量远大于U的含量,据此认为黄铁 矿化与钼成矿关系更为密切。     

大别-苏鲁造山带橄榄岩记录的碰撞造山过程中地幔楔的地壳交代作用

地壳交代作用是洋壳俯冲带板片-地幔界面的普遍现象,由于地幔楔样品的缺乏,其识别存在困难。而碰撞造山带广泛出露的地幔楔来源的造山带橄榄岩则是理想的研究对象。本文对大别-苏鲁造山带橄榄岩的已有研究成果进行了系统总结。这些成果表明这些橄榄岩在大洋俯冲向大陆碰撞转换的不同阶段经历了多期地壳来源流体的交代作用。地壳交代作用不仅改变了地幔楔橄榄岩的地球化学成分,而且导致了交代矿物的生长以及超镁铁质交代体的形成。这些交代体或作为同碰撞和碰撞后镁铁质火成岩的地幔源区,或将地壳组分传输到深部地幔,或释放流体交代大陆俯冲隧道中的俯冲陆壳。本文对地壳交代作用研究中存在的重要问题和解决思路提出了建议。     

Crack nucleation in saturated porous media

Crack nucleation has been the subject of important contributions in the last two last decades. However, it seems that few attention has been granted to the case of saturated porous media. This is the question addressed in the present paper which is devoted to nucleation in traction mode. From a physical point of view, nucleation is a sudden phenomenon, so that the material response is both adiabatic and undrained. In the spirit of the variational approach, the nucleated crack is viewed as the final state of a region of space in which the material undergoes a full damage process. In traction mode, the opening of a saturated crack in undrained condition induces a drop of fluid pressure. In case of low fluid compressibility, the presence of the fluid delays the brittle failure usually associated with nucleation, as long as the fluid pressure remains above the saturation vapor pressure. Nucleation is therefore possible only if a partial vaporization of the fluid takes place.     

Comprehensive study of the drying behavior of Boom clay: Experimental investigation and numerical modeling

This paper presents a thermo‐hydro‐mechanical framework to model the drying behavior of Boom clay. First, the experimental campaign conducted Noémie Prime is briefly presented because it is used to validate the model. The data acquisition and processing is emphasized because of the use of X‐ray microtomography to be able to more accurately compare experimental and numerical strain fields. The different submodels are introduced. Numerical simulations are performed to illustrate the capability of the proposed model to reproduce the observed behavior. Finally, a comprehensive sensitivity study on several key model parameters associated with the water retention curve, and the permeability of the medium, is performed to get a better understanding of the physics behind the coupled model.     

基于Spearman秩相关系数的PWV与PM2.5相关性研究

在讨论大气可降水量(PWV)与细颗粒物(PM 2.5)之间的相关性时,传统方法未能很好地顾及连续数据中包含的非雾霾天气信息的影响,为此本文提出2个数据选取标准——时间标准和空气质量指数(AQI)等级标准,用于获取雾霾期间对应的PWV和PM 2.5序列。为解决数据筛选后不连续的问题,引入一种非参数性质的Spearman秩相关系数ρ,在北京市2014~2016年雾霾多发期,分析不同AQI等级对应时段的非连续等距的PWV和PM 2.5序列的相关性可知,筛选后3 a的ρ在第1、4季度的均值分别为0.6613和0.6280,整体均值为0.6447,表明雾霾天气下PWV和PM 2.5序列具有单调正向的相关性,而传统分析方法(未筛选)下两者的相关系数均较小,表明在对数据进行选取后的分析结果更具针对性和准确性。     

Validation of MODIS integrated water vapor product against reference GPS data at the Iberian Peninsula

In this work, the water vapor product from MODIS (MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) instrument, on-board Aqua and Terra satellites, is compared against GPS water vapor data from 21 stations in the Iberian Peninsula as reference. GPS water vapor data is obtained from ground-based receiver stations which measure the delay caused by water vapor in the GPS microwave signals. The study period extends from 2007 until 2012. Regression analysis in every GPS station show that MODIS overestimates low integrated water vapor (IWV) data and tends to underestimate high IWV data. R² shows a fair agreement, between 0.38 and 0.71. Inter-quartile range (IQR) in every station is around 30–45%. The dependence on several parameters was also analyzed. IWV dependence showed that low IWV are highly overestimated by MODIS, with high IQR (low precision), sharply decreasing as IWV increases. Regarding dependence on solar zenith angle (SZA), performance of MODIS IWV data decreases between 50° and 90°, while night-time MODIS data (infrared) are quite stable. The seasonal cycles of IWV and SZA cause a seasonal dependence on MODIS performance. In summer and winter, MODIS IWV tends to overestimate the reference IWV value, while in spring and autumn the tendency is to underestimate. Low IWV from coastal stations is highly overestimated (∼60%) and quite imprecise (IQR around 60%). On the contrary, high IWV data show very little dependence along seasons. Cloud-fraction (CF) dependence was also studied, showing that clouds display a negligible impact on IWV over/underestimation. However, IQR increases with CF, except in night-time satellite values, which are quite stable.     

夏季南亚高压与邻近上对流层下平流层区水汽变化的联系

利用1979-2015年ERA-interim月平均再分析资料,分析了夏季南亚高压（SAH）与邻近上对流层下平流层（UTLS）区水汽空间分布特征,讨论了二者的相关关系和因果联系。结果表明:（1）在对流层上层,水汽大值区位于南亚高压的东南侧,并随高度升高向西北倾斜到100 hPa,水汽大值中心基本位于南亚高压中心附近。（2）南亚高压偏强（弱）时,南亚高压东部UTLS区水汽显著偏多（少）,而南亚高压西北部水汽异常不显著。（3）南亚高压偏强（弱）时南亚高压中部UTLS区水汽偏多（少）可能与南亚高压对水汽的抽吸和对水汽输送屏障有关。（4）而南亚高压东南侧UTLS区水汽偏多（少）时南亚高压偏强（弱）可能与深对流输送的水汽潜热释放有关。