全空间信息系统的核心问题和关键技术

分析了空间信息系统的研究现状和存在问题,阐明了全空间信息系统的基本概念和基本特征;提出了基于多粒度时空对象构建全空间信息系统的技术路线,明确了需要研究解决的科学问题和关键技术;提出了全空间信息系统与智能设施管理的主要研究内容,指出预期的研究效益。     

CryoSheds: a GIS modeling framework for delineating land-ice watersheds for the Greenland Ice Sheet

Choice of watershed delineation technique is an important source of uncertainty for cryo-hydrologic studies of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS), with different methods yielding different watersheds for a common pour point. First, this paper explores this uncertainty for the Akuliarusiarsuup Kuua River Northern Tributary, Western Greenland. Next, a standardized, semi-automated modeling framework for generating land-ice watersheds for GrIS land-terminating ice (henceforth referred to as CryoSheds) using geographic information systems (GIS) hydrologic modeling tools is presented. The framework uses ArcGIS and the ArcPy geoprocessing library to delineate two types of land-ice watersheds, namely those defined by: (1) a hydraulic pressure potential with varying water to ice overburden pressure ratios (k-value), which determines theoretical flow paths from the hydrostatic equation, using surface and bedrock digital elevation models (DEMs) and (2) a surface topography DEM alone. Lastly, a demonstration of the CryoSheds method is presented for seven remotely sensed proglacial pour points along the Aussivigssuit River (AR), Western Greenland, and its largest tributaries. GrIS meltwater runoff from these seven nested land-ice watersheds is estimated using Modele Atmospherique Regional (MAR) v.3.2 and runoff uncertainties due to watershed delineation parameter selection is estimated.     

An evaluation of unsupervised and supervised learning algorithms for clustering landscape types in the United States

Knowledge of landscape type can inform cartographic generalization of hydrographic features, because landscape characteristics provide an important geographic context that affects variation in channel geometry, flow pattern, and network configuration. Landscape types are characterized by expansive spatial gradients, lacking abrupt changes between adjacent classes; and as having a limited number of outliers that might confound classification. The US Geological Survey (USGS) is exploring methods to automate generalization of features in the National Hydrography Data set (NHD), to associate specific sequences of processing operations and parameters with specific landscape characteristics, thus obviating manual selection of a unique processing strategy for every NHD watershed unit. A chronology of methods to delineate physiographic regions for the United States is described, including a recent maximum likelihood classification based on seven input variables. This research compares unsupervised and supervised algorithms applied to these seven input variables, to evaluate and possibly refine the recent classification. Evaluation metrics for unsupervised methods include the Davies–Bouldin index, the Silhouette index, and the Dunn index as well as quantization and topographic error metrics. Cross validation and misclassification rate analysis are used to evaluate supervised classification methods. The paper reports the comparative analysis and its impact on the selection of landscape regions. The compared solutions show problems in areas of high landscape diversity. There is some indication that additional input variables, additional classes, or more sophisticated methods can refine the existing classification.     

机器学习法在面向对象影像分类中的对比分析

针对如何选择遥感影像面向地理对象分类方法的问题,该文面向地理国情普查中的地表覆盖分类应用,以3个典型区域(山区、平原、城区)的多源高分辨率遥感影像为实验数据,从分类效果、分类精度等方面对比分析3种分类方法(支持向量机、决策树、随机森林)的优劣。在相同影像分割、特征提取、样本采集条件下,通过333组分类实验,得出以下规律:支持向量机分类方法稳定性强,分类速度快,但对特征数的要求高,特征数目与总体精度、地物环境之间的规律性不强,从而增加了特征提取与选择的难度,而随着特征的增加,决策树、随机森林的总体分类精度均为先升高后降低,最后趋于平衡。最后,综合随机森林对特征的优选机制和支持向量机的高分类精度,得到新的组合分类器。     

基于遥感技术的汪清县森林资源动态监测研究与实践

以吉林省汪清县为研究区,根据地理国情普查成果应用及监测工作通知要求,探讨了遥感技术在汪清县森林资源监测应用上的主要内容和方法。利用吉林省地理国情普查、基础测绘成果数据,结合Landsat、SPOT、ALOS等卫星影像数据,进行汪清县土地覆盖信息提取及动态监测、森林类型提取及动态监测、植被覆盖度提取及动态监测、森林参数模型反演及动态监测、驱动因子选取等内容进行了详细地说明,同时,针对汪清县森林资源各项的动态变化情况进行了驱动力分析。     

基于EPS平台的地理国情内业数据处理系统开发与应用

结合工作中的实例,简要地叙述了在应用EPS2008地理信息工作站对地形图进行编辑和入库工作前,需要进行的一些技术准备工作,其中,主要介绍了EPS2008地理信息工作站中模板的概念、构成以及编制和修改的方法。     

基于像素工厂的地理国情普查标准时点核准DOM生产关键技术研究

针对第一次全国地理国情普查标准时点核准对影像数据的需求,本文对利用像素工厂软件进行正射影像制作的关键技术进行了研究,总结像素工厂软件的优势,为卫星影像数据制作数字正射影像提供指导。     

福建省数字测绘档案馆建设探究

随着档案信息化技术的发展以及测绘技术水平的进步,人们对测绘档案的管理水平也提出新的要求。本文主要结合福建省基础地理信息中心现有资料档案的管理现状,从管理制度、硬件设施、软件开发、流程控制等方面探索建设数字测绘档案馆的方法和技术手段。     

基于三维地理信息技术的电力巡线应用研究

传统的人工巡视以及二维图形表达已经无法适应经济的快速增长、社会应急要求的提高对电力网络巡检与管理的需要。随着计算机、数据采集等关键技术的不断进步,三维地理信息技术在电网管理中得到了广泛地应用。结合相关工程实践,基于三维地理信息技术,本文研究了一整套满足电力巡线、管理的构建方法与应用流程。通过该技术应用,可为电力巡线工作提供科学、直观的数字化支持,从而服务电力网络的安全运行与高效管理。     

城镇土地征地拆迁管理信息系统的设计研究

介绍了城镇土地征地拆迁管理系统的建设内容,阐述了系统建设的技术路线,描述了系统的具体设计,分析了系统的主要特点,为系统的实现提供了完整的设计方案。