3S技术在地理国情监测中的应用

介绍了利用航空航天遥感、地理信息系统、卫星定位等现代测绘技术,在抚顺市林业资源进行动态化、空间化的持续监测中的应用,并初步建立适用的标准体系框架,为地理国情监测工作在全国的推广起到示范和带头作用。     

生态河南建设中的地理国情监测研究

地理国情监测是获取国情国力信息的重要手段,是掌握自然资源、生态环境以及人类活动基本情况的综合性、基础性工作。地理国情监测的实施将为生态河南建设提供动态、实时的自然、人文要素信息,林业、水资源监测信息以及环境综合整治、环境保护以及环保基础设施信息。本文着重研究地理国情监测的技术体系、生态省建设中的地理国情监测内容体系、开展地理国情监测的措施,并结合河南省地理国情监测试点项目对生态河南建设中的地理国情监测进行系统的研究。     

基于Web的3维数字社区建设方法与应用研究

提出了一种基于Web的3维数字社区建设方案与技术路线,对3维数据社区关键技术进行了研究,并结合具体应用。本文提出的数字社区平台建设思想,结合了Web计算机技术与3维地理信息系统技术,以期对数字社区平台建设提供有益借鉴。     

Monitoring the built-up environment of Shanghai on the street-block level using SAR and volunteered geographic information

ABSTRACT

In this geo-statistical analysis of change detection, we illustrate the evolution of the built-up environment in Shanghai at the street-block level. Based on two TerraSAR-X image stacks with 36 and 15 images, covering the city centre of Shanghai for the time period from 2008 to 2015, a set of coherence images was created using a small baseline approach. The road network from Open Street Map, a volunteered geographic information product, serves as the input dataset to create street-blocks. A street-block is surrounded by roads and resembles a ground parcel, a real estate property – a cadastral unit. The coherence information is aggregated to these street-blocks for each observation and the variation is analysed over time. An analysis of spatial autocorrelation reveals clusters of similar behaviours. The result is a detailed map of Shanghai highlighting areas of change. We argue that the aggregation and grouping of synthetic aperture radar coherence image information to real-world entities (street-blocks) is comprehensible and relevant to the urban planning process. Therefore, this research is a contribution to the community of urban planners, designers, and government agencies who want to monitor the development of the urban landscape.     

基于层次任务网络规划的分布式协同地理建模任务分解方法研究

为了有效地实现分布式协同地理建模中的合作规划和资源共享,通过分析分布式协同地理建模中任务分解过程,探讨地理建模任务的功能结构、计算复杂性、组织多方性和时空尺度等分解依据,采用层次任务网络(HTN)规划形式化表达地理建模任务,设计了基于顺序任务分解(OTD)的地理建模任务的递归分解算法,模拟领域专家寻求合作规划地理建模任务的思考方式。以分布式流域水文模型SWAT作为试验案例,开发并实现了地理建模任务HTN规划器,为分布式协同地理建模环境中的任务分解方法提供了新的思路。     

OGC服务规范在地理信息公共服务平台建设中的应用研究

简要介绍了OGC服务规范,归纳总结了多种常用的OGC服务的接口规范及各自特点,结合地理信息公共服务平台的若干建设原则分析阐述了OGC服务规范在地理信息公共服务平台中的应用模式,并以WMTS（网络地图分块服务）为例,通过与WMS（网络地图服务）的对比研究,论证了WMTS的优势.依据WMTS的接口规范,开发了基于Esri公司的ArcGIS API的应用平台,实现了利用开放地理信息服务—天地图WMTS作为数据源进行测试,验证了OGC服务规范在地理信息公共服务平台建设中的作用.     

天气雷达站址选择的有效地理视距分析

本文在详细介绍了雷达遮蔽角图和雷达等射束高度图的制作原理和方法的基础上,分析了天气雷达的有效地理视距,开发了天气雷达有效地理视距分析系统。该系统能自动绘制雷达遮蔽角图和等射束高度图,并能对天气雷达候选站址的有效地理视距进行分析,这能为寻求天气雷达最佳候选站址带来方便。     

我国东部沿海三大经济区区域经济的空间自相关分析

本文以我国东部沿海三大经济区域——环渤海、长三角、珠三角为研究对象,依据空间统计学的空间自相关方法,采用以高速公路里程数为影响因子改进的空间权重矩阵,以及全局和局部Moran I指数模型,通过ArcToolbox空间分析工具分析三大区域经济空间格局。研究结果表明,长三角与珠三角区域发展呈显著的空间正相关,长三角地区较之其他两地区发展最为成熟,发展极辐射大。同时地理环境对于区域经济发展作用明显,发展核心城市集中于沿江地区或平原地区。     

GIS服务在测绘应急保障体系中的应用

本文研究基于GIS服务,建立一套地理空间数据快速提取、遥感影像快速纠正和遥感影像快速制图的软件服务平台,实现成果数据由人工被动提供到计算机主动提供的转变.通过四川汶川地震灾后恢复重建测绘专项建设工程的实际应用证明,平台可以实现基于GIS服务的控制点选取、DEM提取、遥感纠正及多源异构数据的智能提取;利用该平台完成了阿坝州测绘保障与援助项目、“8.13泥石流”抢险救灾的遥感影像纠正处理及影像挂图的制作.     

A GIS-based glacier inventory for the Antarctic Peninsula and the South Shetland Islands —A first case study on King George Island

The aim of the international project “Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS)” headed by the US Geological Survey is to establish a world wide glacier inventory based on satellite imagery. This data set will form a first digital baseline study for future glacier monitoring. The presented GIS-based glacier inventory for King George Island is a case study for the area of the Antarctic Peninsula. In the database of the glacier inventory topographic information, specific glaciological parameters as well as metadata will be included. The topographic data consists of drainage basin limits, basin areas, altitudinal ranges, perimeters and mean lengths. Glaciological data sets should comprise information on glacier retreat in different periods, glacier velocities, ice thickness and bedrock topography as well as derived parameters. Modelled and measured mass balance parameters could be included as additional data layers. In particular, these metadata records must comprise background information on data accuracy and data sources and should be compatible with a future data model for the King George Island GIS (KGIS). Three examples illustrate that the GLIMS database will not only contain information valuable for glaciological applications, but also other environmental studies on the island will benefit from this standardised remote sensing data sets. Therefore, a very close link between the data models of KGIS and GLIMS has to be established to enable these synergisms. Finally, better access to historic aerial photography would enable a continuous record of glacier retreat from the beginning of the 1950's onward.