利用遥感监测和分析珠江三角洲的城市扩张过程——以东莞市为例

伴随着经济的快速增长,珠江三角洲近年来出现了迅速的城市化以及乡村城市化的过程。沿着城镇边缘和公路两旁,大片的农田被侵占来单方面地满足城市开发的需要,忽略了粮食产量减少以及环境质量恶化等问题。利用遥感可以有效地监测珠江三角洲的城市扩张过程。在遥感多时相监测的基础上通过熵的计算,可以定量地描述城市扩张的空间规律及扩散过程。     

成都大邑花水湾地热水的特征及其发现意义

成都大邑花水湾温泉，是一口开采地下热水的人工钻井。位于成都市以西８６ｋｍ，储热构造位于龙门山前陆冲断带的雾中山背斜的南西倾没端。储热层为中三叠统雷口坡组碳酸盐地层。为溶隙－裂隙合水层。传热层埋藏深度在孔深１８００－２４００ｍ井段，水温６８℃，是一处非常有价值的医疗热矿水水源地。该地下热水的发现，结束了成都市域没有温泉的历史。该温泉的发现与开发，对四川盆地，乃至中国其他大型内陆盆地中深部地热资源的开发利用有借鉴作用。     

利用高分辨率卫星影像进行地震损失评价所需的城市特征识别

高分辨率卫星影像已经在一些国家的民用领域得到应用。利用高分辨率卫星影像来收集地震损失评价所需要的各类城市信息不仅高效和有较好的时间分辨率，而且它可以减少以往所必需的大量的代价高昂且费力的城市调查。基于在印度城市台拉登所做的研究，讨论了如何利用高分辨率卫星影像进行城市特征识别的一些问题，同时也简单论述了利用GIS／RS软件综合所得的数据以便用于地震损失评价的方法。     

几种空气质量预报方法的预报效果对比分析

目前应用于我国各个城市空气质量预报业务的预报方法主要有三种 :数值模式预报、统计预报和综合经验预报。这几种预报方法都有其各自的优势 ,同时也存在一些不足。应用以上方法对天津市市区进行空气质量业务预报 ,通过实测资料与预报结果进行对比分析 ,给出这几种方法在天津市区空气质量预报中的预报效果客观评价。     

开发MapObjects为城市绿地管理服务

从控件技术出发，介绍了对象链接与嵌入技术—Activex控件技术，并将GIS控件MapObjects应用到长春市城市绿地管理领域中。开发出的长春市城区绿地地理信息系统具有地图管理和信息查询及修改功能，实现了地图的放大、缩小、平移以及由空间查属性和由属性查空间的双向查询功能，并以多媒体形式展示长春市绿化情况，为长春市实现科学管理绿地提供了技术支撑工具。     

Proposal of a National Mitigation Strategy Against Earthquakes in Turkey

While laboratory and analytical studies can provide valuable information about earthquake hazard mitigation, the most effective educator is the impact of a full-scale earthquake on a full-scale city. The recent earthquakes in Turkey showed that the governmental as well as individual attitudes towards earthquakes did not represent proportionate responses to the risk levels concerned. Turkey had weaknesses in preparing, planning, mitigating and responding to disasters in spite of the known seismic vulnerability of the country. Many steps have been taken after 1999 earthquakes in Turkey, however, the preparations largely concentrate on the response and recovery phases and a fundamental step to reform the current disaster management system and steps to rehabilitate the vulnerable building stock has not been undertaken until today. This would involve changing the present laws and regulations and de-centralising the disaster management system. The aim of this paper is to propose a national mitigation strategy for Turkey for a time-frame of 10 years. The model proposed is a very comprehensive model for earthquake risk reduction in Turkey and within this context, the legislative and technical aspects of mitigation will be discussed in detail. Strategies for mitigating and retrofitting the existing building stock will also be proposed.     

Environmental impact of an urban landfill on a coastal aquifer (El Jadida, Morocco)

The El Jadida landfill is one among many uncontrolled dumping sites in Morocco with no bottom liner. About 150 tons/day of solid wastes from mixed urban and industrial origins are placed directly on the ground. At the site of this landfill, the groundwaters circulate deeply (10–15 m) in the Cenomanian rock (calcareous–marl), which is characterised by an important permeability from cracks. The soil is sand–clay characterized by a weak coefficient of retention.The phreatic water ascends to the bottom of three quarries, which are located within the landfill. These circumstances, along with the lack of a leachate collection system, worsen the risks for a potential deterioration of the aquifer.To evaluate groundwater pollution due to this urban landfill, piezometric level and geochemical analyses have been monitored since 1999 on 60 wells. The landfill leachate has been collected from the three quarries that are located within the landfill. The average results of geochemical analyses show an important polluant charge vehiculed by landfill leachate (chloride = 5680 mg l⁻¹, chemical oxygen demand = 1000 mg l⁻¹, iron = 23 000 μg l⁻¹). They show also an important qualitative degradation of the groundwater, especially in the parts situated in the down gradient area and in direct proximity to the landfill. In these polluted zones, we have observed the following values: higher than 4.5 mS cm⁻¹ in electric conductivity, 1620 and 1000 mg l⁻¹ respectively in chlorides and sulfate (), 15–25 μg l⁻¹ in cadmium, and 60–100 μg l⁻¹ in chromium. These concentrations widely exceed the standard values for potable water.Several determining factors in the evolution of groundwater contamination have been highlighted, such as (1) depth of the water table, (2) permeability of soil and unsaturated zone, (3) effective infiltration, (4) humidity and (5) absence of a system for leachate drainage. So, to reduce the pollution risks of the groundwater, it is necessary to set a system of collection, drainage and treatment of landfill leachates and to emplace an impermeable surface at the site of landfill, in order to limit the infiltration of leachate.     

城市开放空间的空间组织研究

传统的城市规划学和地理学的研究重心是对城市建筑实体的空间组织和管理基于城市建设实践的新需求和理论研究的新发展，文章以城市开放空间为研究对象，对其空间组织的概念、原则、依据、方法和步骤进行了理论概括，以期对我国城市的现代化建设和理论研究有所裨益。     

呼和浩特市城市边缘区景观格局动态变化研究

利用GIS技术对1987，2000年两期航空遥感影像进行空间叠加对比分析，从斑块及景观2个尺度对呼和浩特市城市边缘区景观格局变化进行了研究。结果表明：在斑块尺度上，边缘区两期景观结构均以农田景观为基质，研究期内，农田景观、草地景观等缓慢减少，建筑景观明显增多；在景观尺度上，边缘区景观多样性指数趋于增大，优势度指数趋于降低．景观组分趋于复杂化、破碎化和多元化。分析其影响因素可知：经济发展和城市化的加快、政策导向是变化的根本原因，人口的增加、土地利用方式的改变是变化的直接原因。     

Finding work in 2001: urban–rural contrasts across England in employment rates and local job availability

Early results from the 2001 census of England allow a preliminary analysis of joblessness. People in the prime working ages (25–49) are more likely to be in work than those in their 50s, but the differences are quite subtle: in particular, men without qualifications are not much more likely to be in work when they are younger, despite the suggestions that too many men cease working in their 50s. The evidence supports the view that there is a national shortfall of demand for labour, that the low-skilled are the least able to compete for scarce jobs, and older people are the most likely to be unqualified. Moreover there is a strong spatial clustering of areas where job availability has declined or grown least, undermining the government's claim that there were often available jobs near to concentrations of people without work.