基于SAR干涉点目标分析技术的城市地表形变监测

通过深入研究干涉点目标的相位模型,提出基于空间搜索的邻近点目标干涉相位差解缠方法,用以计算点目标的地形残差和线性形变,以及分离点目标大气延迟相位和非线性形变相位的时空域滤波方法,解决干涉点目标分析中的关键问题.最后,以苏州地区地表沉降监测为应用试验,利用形成的SAR干涉点目标形变信息提取技术,获取苏州市区1992-2002年间的地表沉降信息.研究结果与已有文献记录保持比较好的一致性,证明SAR干涉点目标技术完全可以发展成为应用于城市地表形变监测的实用化技术.

Abstract：

Interferometric point target analysis (IPTA) is one of the latest developments in radar interferometric processing. It is achieved by analysis of the interferometric phases of some individual point targets, which are discrete and present temporarily stable backscattering characteristics, in long temporal series of interferometric SAR images. This paper analyzes the interferometric phase model of point targets, and then addresses two key issues within IPTA process. Firstly, a spatial searching method is proposed to unwrap the interferometric phase difference between two neighboring point targets. The height residual error and linear deformation rate of each point target can then be calculated, when a global reference point with known height correction and deformation history is chosen. Secondly, a spatial-temporal filtering scheme is proposed to further separate the atmosphere phase and nonlinear deformation phase from the residual interferometric phase. Finally, an experiment of the developed IPTA methodology is conducted over Suzhou urban area. Totally 38 ERS-1/2 SAR scenes are analyzed, and the deformation information over 3 546 point targets in the time span of 1992-2002 are generated. The IPTA-derivecl deformation shows very good agreement with the published result, which demonstrates that the IPTA technique can be developed into an operational tool to map the ground subsidence over urban area.     

建筑点群在城市3维形态量化中的应用

利用将建筑实体进行高度抽象,提出了建筑点群,以GIS的空间分析理论为依据,通过实体高度、起伏度、空间聚集度三个指标对城市的3维形态进行量化与分析。选取南京市主城区为实验样区,提取该区域的建筑点群,用三个指标对实验样区内3维形态的空间分布格局和时间发展特点进行定量分析与描述。实验结果证明,这三个指标从不同角度分析了建筑实体在区域内的组合方式,能够在一定程度上反映城市3维形态的基本特征,有助于对城市空间分布格局及城市历史演变过程的研究。     

精密空间前方交会计算的可编程计算器实现

介绍精密空间前方交会的原理,详细给出算法、公式和基于fx-5800P型可编程计算器程序以及使用方法,并给出实例,验证算法、公式与计算程序,为工作现场快速进行精密空间前方交会计算提供完整的方法和可编程计算器程序代码。     

GISVlog模型的设计与实现

本文以地理信息系统(GIS为基础,分析了地理信息系统沃客(GISVlog,)形成的两个背景——网络新技术提高GIS生命力和沃客(Vlog,Vedio log的缩写)为网络增值;分别论述了GISVlog形成对GIS发展和Vlog发展的意义;在普通GIS的系统功能结构和Vlog的系统功能结构的基础上构建GISVlog的框架结构并加以实现;论文最后展望了GISVlog的发展前景,提出GISVlog是网络搜索技术新的研究方向。     

3维城市模型的可视化研究

本文在对已有的３维（３Ｄ）城市模型进行分析的基础上,着重探讨了建筑物模型的构造方法,提出了一种分层组合模型方法构造建筑 及在此模型基础上的动态显示、空间分析和交互操作等功能,并开发了一个应用系统（３ＤＴＯＯＬ）对３Ｄ城市模型中的地形和建筑物进行整体维动态显示和操作。最后利用约４ｋｍ＾２试验区对本文提出的模型和开发系统进行了全面的实验研究。     

观测有效性的度量方法

基于Hilbert空间理论,通过对观测方程的系数阵实施格拉姆-施密特(Gram-Schmidt,G-S)正交化过程,分析观测的两个特性,从一个新的角度论证了参数估计的必要观测问题,以及多余观测与必要观测的关系;用欧氏范数‖·‖2和Frobenius‖·‖_F范数作为基本度量工具对观测提供参数估计的信息量进行度量分析,研究观测的有效性和参数估计的可靠性。采用观测空间分析方法研究了测绘学科中必要观测、多余观测等基本概念;提出了观测信息量、观测有效性的概念和相应的度量方法;从观测的空间结构出发分析参数估计系统的可靠性,从一个侧面扩展和丰富了测绘学中的可靠性理论;丰富了研究测绘学中一些基本问题的分析方法,也为信息学中的数据挖掘问题提供了一种分析思路。     

服务于PDA的矢量数据分块存储数据结构的研究

数据结构、数据模型是GIS领域中一个比较重要的研究方向，目前GIS中较成熟的数据结构均是针对个人PC机或工作站硬件环境，并不适合以掌上电脑为平台的移动GIS系统。针对以掌上电脑为代表的智能移动终端，提出了一种矢量数据分块数据结构模型。该数据结构适用于以PDA智能终端为硬件平台的移动GIS系统，是实现矢量图形数据存储与快速显示的技术关键。     

数字城市规划系统关键技术分析

分析了数字城市规划系统的业务需求，介绍了其基础数据更新、工作流、无纸化办公、历史空间信息管理等主要关键技术，并对其进行了讨论。     

Development of a 3-D urbanization index using digital terrain models for surface urban heat island effects

This study assesses surface urban heat island (SUHI) effects during heat waves in subtropical areas. Two cities in northern Taiwan, Taipei metropolis and its adjacent medium-sized city, Yilan, were selected for this empirical study. Daytime and night time surface temperature and SUHI intensity of both cities in five heat wave cases were obtained from MODIS Land-Surface Temperature (LST) and compared. In order to assess SUHI in finer spatial scale, an innovated three-dimensional Urbanization Index (3DUI) with a 5-m spatial resolution was developed to quantify urbanization from a 3-D perspective using Digital Terrain Models (DTMs). The correlation between 3DUI and surface temperatures were also assessed. The results obtained showed that the highest SUHI intensity in daytime was 10.2 °C in Taipei and 7.5 °C in Yilan. The SUHI intensity was also higher than that in non-heat-wave days (about 5 °C) in Taipei. The difference in SUHI intensity of both cities could be as small as only 1.0 °C, suggesting that SUHI intensity was enhanced in both large and medium-sized cities during heat waves. Moreover, the surface temperatures of rural areas in Taipei and Yilan were elevated in the intense heat wave cases, suggesting that the SUHI may reach a plateau when the heat waves get stronger and last longer. In addition, the correlation coefficient between 3DUI and surface temperature was greater than 0.6. The innovative 3DUI can be employed to assess the spatial variation of temperatures and SUHI intensity in much finer spatial resolutions than measurements obtained from remote sensing and weather stations. In summary, the empirical results demonstrated intensified SUHI in large and medium-sized cities in subtropical areas during heat waves which could result in heat stress risks of residents. The innovative 3DUI can be employed to identify vulnerable areas in fine spatial resolutions for formulation of heat wave adaptation strategies.     

Shadow detection and compensation for color aerial images

A method for shadow detection and compensation for color aerial images is presented. It is considered that the intensity value of each image pixel is the product of illumination function and ground object reflection, and the shadowed regions on the image are mainly caused by the short of illumination, so the information compensation for the shadowed regions should concentrate on the illumination adjustment of concerned area on the basis of the analysis of whole image. The shadow detection and compensation procedure proposed by this paper consists of four steps.