Numerical evaluation of the damping‐solvent extraction method in the frequency domain

The damping‐solvent extraction method for the analysis of unbounded visco‐elastic media is evaluated numerically in the frequency domain in order to investigate the influence of the computational parameters—domain size, amount of artificial damping, and mesh density—on the accuracy of results. An analytical estimate of this influence is presented, and specific questions regarding the influence of the parameters on the results are answered using the analytical estimate and numerical results for two classical problems: the rigid strip and rigid disc footings on a visco‐elastic half‐space with constant hysteretic material damping. As the domain size is increased, the results become more accurate only at lower frequencies, but are essentially unaffected at higher frequencies. Choosing the domain size to ensure that the static stiffness is computed accurately leads to an unnecessarily large domain for analysis at higher frequencies. The results improve by increasing artificial damping but at a slower rate as the total (material plus artificial) damping ratio ζ_t gets closer to 0.866. However, the results do not deteriorate significantly for the larger amounts of artificial damping, suggesting that ζ_t≈0.6 is appropriate; a larger value is not likely to influence the accuracy of results. Presented results do not support the earlier suggestion that similar accuracy can be achieved by a large bounded domain with small damping or by a small domain with larger damping. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

垂直地震力作用下弹性半空间上扁壳基础的解析解

用布希涅斯克定义的弹性半空间内的垂直位移包括两项积分,除了积分号前面系数的差别之外,第一项积分是单层位势而第二项积分为双层位势。若扁壳基础是正高斯曲率的几何曲面,则壳底与半空间表面间的挤压强度就是半空间表面作用的分布垂直荷载。当越过边界时,双层势位的函数值和单层势位的法向导数值发生跳跃。利用这些性质,本文得出布希涅斯克积分的反演公式,从而避开要求解偏微分—积分方程组的巨大数学困难而易于得出解析解。以椭园抛物面扁壳为例说明本文方法的应用。     

玛尼地震的InSAR形变研究与模拟

采用欧洲空间局ERS-2的星载干涉雷达数据,选取1997年11月8日MW7.6级玛尼地震作为研究对象,采用了差分干涉方法,在通过对覆盖同一地区的SAR数据进行差分干涉处理,得到了玛尼地震的视线向同震形变场。经研究发现:该地震形变场呈长轴近北东东向不规则椭圆形分布,地表破裂带长度约为130km,发震断层走向约为78°,断裂为左行走滑特征。断层以南为隆起区,在发震断层附近最大视线向隆起位移量为113.6cm,断层以北为沉降区,最大视线向沉降位移量为170.4cm。基于Okada模型实现了具有复杂结构的4段断层段参数的InSAR形变场数据模拟,获得断层的最大走滑为6m,估计出玛尼地震的标量地震矩M0为2.69×10^20Nm,计算得到的矩震级MW为7.6。证明了研究方法的正确性和研究结论的可靠性。     

Seismic hazard analysis for a spatial linearly distributed system

The models currently used in the seismic evaluation of important projects, microzoning and seismic zonation are all for site. Although seismic hazard analysis have been done for many sites in seismic zonation and microzoning, relationship among sites is not considered in the final results. Studies show that it is impossible to get total hazard for specific area from the results of the hazard analysis of sites. So, when we consider the total seismic hazard of a specific spatial distributed system, methods for site are not enough. Author discussed the relation and the difference between system hazard and segments hazard which form the system and proposed a seismic hazard analysis model taking spatial linear distributed series and parallel system as an example. In aseismic design and earthquake disaster prevention decision, not only the seismic hazard of segments of the system but also the total seismic hazard of the system should be considered. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,15, 347–352, 1993.     

Analysis of the influence of Taihu Lake and the urban heat islands on the local circulation in the Yangtze Delta

The influences of human activities on regional climate and weather are tremendous. The re-gional temperature and the distributing of wind field are influenced, whereas the precipitation in-tensity and the spatial and temporal distribution of the precipita…     

美国城市搜索与救援体系的组成及运作模式概述

美国城市搜索与救援体系是世界上最完善的体系之一，多年来在城市救灾和应对突发事件中发挥了重要作用，减轻了生命和财产的损失。文章概述了美国城市搜索与救援体系的组成、任务、运作原则和管理机构及支援机构。     

Compression of the North Hemisphere derived from space geodesy

Introduction With the development of global tectonics and overall detections for global tectonics with multi-geophysical methods, ones can roundly study on the geological tectonics of sampling and magnetic stripe image, so as to summarize and interpret the geometrical and kinematical charac-teristics for the distribution of the ocean and the land, and spreading state of the global tectonics in a global scale. From a comprehensive view, the South and North hemispheres are clearly unsym-metrical…     

从洛杉矶地区地震实验计划说起

简要介绍了美国洛杉矶地震实验计划(LARSE)的研究目的、科学思路以及一些重要的研究成果。受LARSE计划实践的启发，文章对我国即将开展的城市活断层探测研究思路提出了几点科学认识：①进行深浅活动构造相结合的探测，建立直到震源深度的活动断裂立体图像；②实施折射／反射相结合的综合性探测，发展高分辨折射技术，弥补数百米-数千米深度范围成像的不足；③重要的活动断层常常具有一定的规模，在空间上构成复杂的构造格局，因此，活断层探测不能局限在城市，而应在一定的空间范围中进行。     

单侧破裂震源对地震动空间相关性影响的远场分析

将震源简化为有一定破裂长度的线状断层,定量研究了单侧破裂震源对地震动空间相关性的影响．依据波谱随空间坐标的展开式,得到了描述地震动场相关性的表达式．在远场假定下,给出了理论解析公式,并依据地震动Fourier谱随空间坐标的展开条件,得到了计算地震动场孔径的理论公式．最后,以一次地震为例,给出了孔径随震中距、方位角、频率变化的三维图象．     

搭建蔬菜大棚对固原地电台视电阻率观测影响的分析

通过观测,理论计算和实验研究,探讨了固原地电台测区内搭建蔬菜大棚后北东及东西测道视电阻率测值快速上升的原因,定量解释了搭建蔬菜大棚对固原地电观测的影响,并研究和总结了这种影响的机制。从而认为,2008年3月下旬固原视电阻率出现的高值变化不属于地震异常,并为今后判断引起地电测值变化的原因提供了依据。