矿床统计预测单元划分的方法与程序

在矿床统计预测中,如何确定最佳的统计预测单元,目前尚无通用的准则和算法,它的划分往往取决于地质学家对研究区控矿条件的认识,矿化的实际分布殂态及统计预测所采用的评价模型等多种因素。系统功能齐全,基本上满足了资源评价的各种需求,实现了预测单元划分的自动化和智能化。     

Particle fabric in a small, type-2 ignimbrite flow unit (Laacher See, Germany) and implications for emplacement dynamics

 Ignimbrites of the 13-ka Upper Laacher See Tephra were deposited from small, highly concentrated, moderately fluidized pyroclastic flows. Their unconsolidated nature, and the prominence of accidental Devonian slate fragments, make these ignimbrites ideal for clast fabric studies. The upper flow unit of ignimbrite M14 has characteristics typical of a type-2 ignimbrite. Layer 2a and the lower part of layer 2b of the flow unit have strong, upstream-inclined a[p] fabrics (a[p] means long particle axes parallel to flow direction). Only clasts with a/b axial ratios of 2.5 or greater preserve good a[p] fabrics, whereas the a–b planes of flat fragments dip upstream irrespective of axial ratio. The a-axis fabric becomes weaker, flatter, and more girdle-like in the upper half of layer 2b. At one locality the a-axis fabric appears to rotate 40° up through the flow unit, suggesting either shear decoupling of different levels in the moving flow or unsteadiness effects in a flow depositing progressively at its base. The existence of similarly strong a[p] fabrics in layer 2a and the lower half of layer 2b appears inconsistent with the common interpretation that ignimbrite flow units are emplaced as a plug of essentially non-shearing material (layer 2b) on a thin shear layer (layer 2a), and that the entire flow freezes en masse to form the deposit. The data suggest that, if the flow froze en masse, it was shearing pervasively through at least half its thickness. Another possibility is that the flow unit aggraded progressively from the base up, and that the fabrics record the integrated history of shear directions and intensities immediately above the bed throughout the duration of deposition. Received: 13 February 1997 / Accepted: 4 April 1998     

The unique nature in ore composition,geological backgroudd and metallogenic mechanism of non-conventional superlarge ore deposits: A preliminary discussion

The new plants documented here, including a representative of the trimerophytesPsilophyton primitiuum sp. nov., a questionable rhyniophyte or trimerophyteHedeia sinica sp. nov., a prelycopodBragwanathia sp. and two species of zosterophyllophytes,Zosterophyllum australianum Lang and Cookson 1930 and2. sp. 1, from the Posongchong Formation of southeastern Yunnan, China, add to the known floral diversity of the Early Devonian of this region. Two sections of the Posongchong Formation, Changputang section of Wenshan district and Gegu section of Mengzi district also are introduced. After comparing the plants with those of the coeval flora of Australia and considering the data of recent paleocontinental reconstructions, the authors suggest that there is a northeastern Gondwana phytogeographic unit during the early Devonian comprising Australia, South China Block and perhaps Shan-Thai Block. The similarity of the floral component between Australia and South China is discussed. Because both Australia and South China also have dominant or endemic taxa, each might be recognized as a subunit, separately characterized byHedeia for Australia andEophyllophyton for South China. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 49372075 and 49742004)     

On Palaeozoic Tectonics in the Alxa Region, Inner Mongolia, China

Two ophiolitic melange belts in the Late Carboniferous formations have been discovered recently in the Alxa region. One is in the Engger Us fault and possesses properties of oceanic crust. The other is in the Badain Jaran fault and shows properties of a back-arc basin. These two faults, together with the Yagan fault, constitute the important boundaries of tectonic units in the Alax region. The four tectonic units delimited by these faults are different in rock assemblages, metamorphism and geochemistry. They reflect the nature of tectonic environments in which they are found. The tectonic units may be traced and correlated to the eastern and western neighbouring areas. The formation and evolution process of the units and their interaction in the Alxa region may be described in terms of the evolution of the Palaeo-Mongolian Ocean and its continental margins.     

构造变质岩石地层的概念、单位命名系统及研究方法──以辽河岩群为例

在概要地讨论了辽河岩群基本地层学特征基础上,提出了构造变质岩石地层的概念,其含义为经强烈构造变形的中浅变质沉积（含火山沉积）岩系构成的岩石地层单位的一种类型。构造变质岩石地层单位是强变形、中浅变质沉积岩区１∶５万填图的基本填图单位。建议采用岩群、岩组、岩段等地层单位命名系统,强调了变形、变质、沉积综合研究方法。     

福建省构造运动,构造层划分及其主要特征

研究构造运动及构造层特征是查明地壳构造演化历史的重要证据,从福建省目前建立的地层序列分析,自古元古代以来,省内初步可划分出１５次构造运动,并分别归属迪口,晋宁,加里东,印支,燕山,喜马拉雅６个构造旋回,文中对地震旦纪地层次建立构造地层单位,并阐述了各构造运动,构造旋回,构造阶段和构造层,亚构造层的基本特征,较系统地反映了福建省地壳构造演化历史。     

通化七道沟葛家大窝子单元的就位机制及其成因探讨

就位机制问题是花岗岩地区工作的一个重点,一般来说,一个花岗岩单元,其各侵入体应该具有统一的就位机制,然而事实并非如此,葛家大窝子单元就是一个例外,本文阐述了葛家大窝子单元综合地质特征相同的不同浸入体,其就位机制不同的情况,并对其成因进行了初步探讨。     

一种基于相位的相对延迟变化测量方法

详细地介绍了VLBI系统的地面单元中电缆延迟变化的测量方法，这种基于相位的测量方法，为相关领域的高精度延迟测量提供了借鉴。概要介绍了地面单元中电缆测量、反射调制以及相位比较器的工作原理，对各个环节作了数学上的推导分析。给出了一个电缆相对延迟值随温度变化的测试样本。     

Application of a Delay-difference model for the stock assessment of southern Atlantic albacore (Thunnus alalunga)

Delay-difference models are intermediate between simple surplus-production models and complicated age-structured models. Such intermediate models are more efficient and require less data than age-structured models. In this study, a delay-difference model was applied to fit catch and catch per unit effort(CPUE) data(1975–2011) of the southern Atlantic albacore(Thunnus alalunga) stock. The proposed delay-difference model captures annual fluctuations in predicted CPUE data better than Fox model. In a Monte Carlo simulation, white noises(CVs) were superimposed on the observed CPUE data at four levels. Relative estimate error was then calculated to compare the estimated results with the true values of parameters α and β in Ricker stock-recruitment model and the catchability coefficient q. α is more sensitive to CV than β and q. We also calculated an 80% percentile confidence interval of the maximum sustainable yield(MSY, 21756 t to 23408 t; median 22490 t) with the delay-difference model. The yield of the southern Atlantic albacore stock in 2011 was 24122 t, and the estimated ratios of catch against MSY for the past seven years were approximately 1.0. We suggest that care should be taken to protect the albacore fishery in the southern Atlantic Ocean. The proposed delay-difference model provides a good fit to the data of southern Atlantic albacore stock and may be a useful choice for the assessment of regional albacore stock.     

福安—南靖断裂带特征及其地质意义讨论

通过对沉积建造、岩浆活动、构造变动以及地球物理和地球化学综合研究,在全国统一的一、二级构造单元划分框架下,以反映早古生代末构造格局为主,福建省大致以福安—南靖断裂构造带为省内一级构造单元为边界划分西部华夏地块、东部闽浙沿海火山侵入杂岩带2个三级构造单元,讨论了福安—南靖构造带特征及其地质意义。