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841.
842.
We have studied the focal mechanisms of the 1980, 1997 and 1998 earthquakes in the Azores region from body-wave inversion of digital GDSN (Global Digital Seismograph Network) and broadband data. For the 1980 and 1998 shocks, we have obtained strike–slip faulting, with the rupture process made up of two sub-events in both shocks, with total scalar seismic moments of 1.9 × 1019 Nm (Mw = 6.8) and 1.4 × 1018 Nm (Mw = 6.0), respectively. For the 1997 shock, we have obtained a normal faulting mechanism, with the rupture process made up of three sub-events, with a total scalar seismic moment of 7.7 × 1017 Nm (Mw = 5.9). A common characteristic of these three earthquakes was the shallow focal depth, less than 10 km, in agreement with the oceanic-type crust. From the directivity function of Rayleigh (LR) waves, we have identified the NW–SE plane as the rupture plane for the 1980 and 1998 earthquakes with the rupture propagating to the SE. Slow rupture velocity, about of 1.5 km/s, has been estimated from directivity function for the 1980 and 1998 earthquakes. From spectral analysis and body-wave inversion, fault dimensions, stress drop and average slip have been estimated. Focal mechanisms of the three earthquakes we have studied, together with focal mechanisms obtained by other authors, have been used in order to obtain a seismotectonic model for the Azores region. We have found different types of behaviour present along the region. It can be divided into two zones: Zone I, from 30°W to 27°W; Zone II, from 27°W to 23°W, with a change in the seismicity and stress direction from Zone I. In Zone I, the total seismic moment tensor obtained corresponded to left-lateral strike–slip faulting with horizontal pressure and tension axes in the E–W and N–S directions, respectively. In Zone II, the total seismic moment tensor corresponded to normal faulting, with a horizontal tension axis trending NE–SW, normal to the Terceira Ridge. The stress pattern for the whole region corresponds to horizontal extension with an average seismic slip rate of 4.4 mm/yr. 相似文献
843.
844.
845.
The effect of slip variability on earthquake slip-length scaling 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jing Liu-Zeng Thomas Heaton Christopher DiCaprio 《Geophysical Journal International》2005,162(3):841-849
846.
C. Chiarabba P. De Gori L. Chiaraluce P. Bordoni M. Cattaneo M. De Martin A. Frepoli A. Michelini A. Monachesi M. Moretti G. P. Augliera E. D'Alema M. Frapiccini A. Gassi S. Marzorati P. Di Bartolomeo S. Gentile A. Govoni L. Lovisa M. Romanelli G. Ferretti M. Pasta D. Spallarossa E. Zunino 《Journal of Seismology》2005,9(4):487-494
In October and November 2002, the Molise region (southern Italy) was struck by two moderate magnitude earthquakes within 24
hours followed by an one month long aftershocks sequence. Soon after the first mainshock (October 31st, 10.32 UTC, Mw 5.7), we deployed a temporary network of 35 three-component seismic stations. At the time of occurrence of the second main
event (November 1st, 15.08 UTC, Mw 5.7) the eight local stations already installed allowed us to well constrain the hypocentral parameters. We present the location
of the two mainshocks and 1929 aftershocks with 2 < ML < 4.2. Earthquake distribution reveals a E-trending 15 km long fault system composed by two main segments ruptured by the
two mainshocks. Aftershocks define two sub-vertical dextral strike-slip fault segments in agreement with the mainshock fault
plane solutions. P- and T-axes retrieved from 170 aftershocks focal mechanisms show a coherent kinematics: with a sub-horizontal NW and NE-trending
P and T-axes, respectively. For a small percentage of focal mechanisms (∼ 10%) a rotation of T axes is observed, resulting in thrust
solutions. The Apenninic active normal fault belt is located about 80 km westward of the 2002 epicentral area and significant
seismicity occurs only 20-50 km to the east, in the Gargano promontory. Seismic hazard was thought to be small for this region
because neither historical earthquake are reported in the Italian seismic catalogue or active faults were previously identified.
In this context, the 2002 seismic sequence highlights the existence of trans-pressional active tectonics in between the extensional
Apenninic belt and the Apulian foreland. 相似文献
847.
Abstract The 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan ( M w = 7.6) produced a surface rupture along the north–south-striking Chelungpu thrust fault with pure dip-slip (east side up) and left lateral strike-slip displacements. Near-field strong-motion data for the northern part of the fault illustrate a distinct lack of the high-frequency seismic radiation associated with a large slip (10–15 m) and a rapid slip velocity (2–4 m/s), suggesting a smooth seismic slip associated with low dynamic frictional resistance on the fault. A drillhole was constructed at shallow depths in the possible fault zones of the northern part of the Chelungpu Fault, which may have slipped during the 1999 earthquake. One of the zones consists of a 20-cm-thick, unconsolidated fault breccia with a chaotic texture lacking both discrete slip surfaces (e.g. Riedel shears) and grain crushing. Other possible fault zones are marked by the narrow (less than a few centimeters) gouge zone in which clayey material intrudes into the damaged zone outside of the gouge zone. These characteristic fault rock textures suggest that the slip mechanisms at shallow levels during the earthquake involved either granular flow of initially unconsolidated material or slip localization under elevated pore pressure along the narrow clayey gouge zone. Because both mechanisms lead to low dynamic frictional resistance on the fault, the rapid seismic slip in the deep portions of the fault (i.e. the source region of strong-motion radiation) could have been accommodated by frictionless slip on the shallow portions of the fault. The combination of strong-motion data and fault rock analysis suggests that smooth slip associated with low dynamic friction occurred on both the deep and shallow portions of the fault, resulting in a large slip between the source region and the surface in the northern region. 相似文献
848.
Abstract Meso- and microscale structural analyses were carried out in the Hatagawa shear zone, north-eastern Japan. The shear zone is a sinistral strike–slip ductile shear zone, and has a 1-km wide north-south trending region where quartz mean grain size of approximately 35 μm does not vary significantly. Two types of quartz microstructures, A and B, occur in the western and eastern part of the shear zone, respectively. The lattice preferred orientation (LPO) patterns are characterized by a type I crossed girdle in the samples with the quartz microstructure A, and a Y maximum in the samples with the quartz microstructure B. The microstructures under optical and transmission electron microscopes indicates that the quartz recrystallization occurred predominantly by progressive subgrain rotation in microstructure A, and by both progressive subgrain rotation and grain boundary migration in microstructure B. This suggests different deformation conditions in the western and eastern parts of the shear zone. Quartz LPO patterns, presence of myrmekite, feldspar compositions, and dislocation density also suggest difference in the deformation conditions. The syn-deformation temperature in the western part of the shear zone was lower than that of the eastern part of the shear zone. The stress in the western part of the shear zone was higher than that of the eastern part of the shear zone. The difference in the deformation conditions would affect not only the quartz microstructure, but also the quartz LPO patterns and the presence of myrmekite around K-feldspar porphyroclasts. 相似文献
849.
In order to examine the relationship between anomalous crustal deformations and subsequent large earthquakes, we compiled and examined data on preseismic anomalous crustal deformations for two earthquakes that occurred in and around the Japanese Islands in recent years. We found that the slip on a downward extension of a seismogenic fault accelerates before the main shock and that the average slip velocity is inversely proportional to the time remaining until the main shock occurs. 相似文献
850.
榆木山北缘断裂的构造地貌特征与断层活动性 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
构造地貌能反映断裂的结构变形特征和断层的活动强度。便如断层陡坎的高度、长度和坡度以及断层陡坎的连续程度。在这篇文章中,讨论了断层段内每个段落断层陡坎的F(C),F(D),F(LR),F(SR)值的特征。在这篇文章结尾,还讨论了冲洪积扇特征对以活动强度的反映。从地貌统计结果来看,发现在榆木山断裂的中间部位冲洪积扇体坡度最大,从中间向两侧中洪积扇扇体坡度呈减弱趋势。文中还给出了断层陡无坎变形的测量结果,冲洪积扇扇顶热释光年龄和断层滑动速度。从分析结果来看,榆木山北缘断裂可以细分为三段,东段(梨园小口子-排路口)、中段(排路口-芦泉河)和西段(芦泉河-李家山子)。 相似文献