Petrogenesis of the Mesozoic intrusive rocks in the Tongling area,Anhui Province,China and their constraint on geodynamic process

TheTonglingarea,whichiscalledtheChineseCopperCapital,isoneofthemostimportantnon-ferrousmetalproducersinChina(e.g.Cu,AuandAg,especiallyCu).ManyresearchershavenotedthatthemetaldepositsarecloselyrelatedtotheMesozoicintrusiverocksinthisarea.Therefore,theTongl…     

大兴安岭北段根河地区早白垩世火山杂岩特征及成因探讨

大兴安岭北段根河地区早白垩世火山杂岩按岩石及其地球化学特征，可划分为3类：第Ⅰ类为流纹质岩石，富Si、碱，低Al、Ti，Na2O／K2O〈1，具有明显的负Eu异常（δEu=0．27-0．59），富Rb，贫Sr、Ba；第Ⅱ类为粗面英安质岩石，富Al、Ti，Na2O／K2O〉1，具弱的负Eu异常（δEu=0．65-0．95），富Sr、Ba，贫Rb；研究认为第Ⅰ、Ⅱ类岩石产于挤压隆升相伴的拉张至造山后伸展构造环境。第Ⅲ类由安粗岩、歪长粗面岩组成，富Ti、Al，Na2O／K2O≥1．1，Eu无异常（δEu=0．93-1，06），Th／Ta、Ta／Hf值显示大陆板内伸展环境，其形成可能与玄武质岩浆的底侵作用有关。     

Geochronologic Constraints on the Magmatic Underplating of the Gangdise^ Belt in the India-Eurasia Collision： Evidence of SHRIMP II Zircon U-Pb Dating

Abstract  Abundant small mafic intrusions occur associated with granitoids along the Gangdisê magmatic belt. In addition to many discrete gabbro bodies within the granitoid plutons, a gabbro‐pyroxenite zone occurs along the southern margin of the Gangdisê belt to the north of the Yarlung Zangbo suture. The mafic intrusion zone spatially corresponds to a strong aeromagnetic anomaly, which extends ～1400 km. The mafic intrusions consist of intermittently distributed small bodies and dikes of gabbro and dolerite with accumulates of pyroxenite, olivine pyroxenite, pegmatitic pyroxenite and amphibolite. Much evidence indicates that the Gangdisê gabbro‐pyroxenite assemblage is most likely a result of underplating of mantle‐derived magma. Detailed field investigation and systematic sampling of the mafic rocks was conducted at six locations along the Lhasa‐Xigazê segment of the mafic intrusive zone, and was followed by zircon SHRIMP II U‐Pb dating. In addition to the ages of two samples previously published (47.0±1 Ma and 48.9±1.1 Ma), the isotopic ages of the remaining four gabbro samples are 51.6±1.3 Ma, 52.5±3.0 Ma, 50.2±4.2 Ma and 49.9±1.1 Ma. The range of these ages (47–52.5 Ma) provide geochronologic constraints on the Eocene timing of magma underplating beneath the Gangdisê belt at ca. 50 Ma. This underplating event post‐dated the initiation of the India‐Eurasia continental collision by 15 million years and was contemporaneous with a process of magma mixing. The SHRIMP II U‐Pb isotopic analysis also found several old ages from a few zircon grains, mostly in a range of 479–526 Ma (weighted average age 503±10 Ma), thus yielding information about the pre‐existing lower crust when underplating of mafic magma took place. It is believed that magma underplating was one of the major mechanisms for crustal growth during the Indian‐Eurasia collision, possibly corresponding in time to the formation of the 14–16 km‐thick “crust‐mantle transitional zone” characterized by Vp = 6.85–6.9 km/s.     

大别造山带碧溪岭橄榄岩中锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素研究

在详细形态和内部结构研究基础上,对碧溪岭橄榄岩锆石进行了配套的U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素分析。碧溪岭橄榄岩锆石主体是变质成因的,但有少量岩浆锆石残留。这些锆石主体给出了220～210Ma的变质生长/重结晶作用年龄;一颗具较高Th/U比值的锆石给出646Ma的近协和年龄,限定了早期岩浆结晶作用的最小年龄。真正的侵位年龄可以由745Ma的上交点年龄来限定;210～222Ma则记录着深俯冲陆壳折返过程中的锆石生长。除少数颗粒的ε_(Hf)为负值外(-2.9),大部分锆石的ε_(Hf)是正的(高达 8.1)并具新元古代的亏损地幔模式年龄(0.6～1.0Ga,平均0.8Ga)。这些结果说明碧溪岭橄榄岩的初始物质是扬子大陆岩石圈内新元古代岩浆堆积作用产物。这样的岩浆堆积物来源于亏损的软流圈地幔,侵入于扬子的深部地壳之中(如底侵)并部分混染了古老地壳组分。它们随扬子向华北之下深俯冲碰撞和造山带折返过程中经历着复杂的变质改造作用。     

底侵玄武质下地壳的熔融:来自安徽沙溪adakite质富钠石英闪长玢岩的证据

沙溪石英闪长玢岩具有高Al2O3,Sr/Y,La/Yb，低Y，Yb,Sr正异常，Eu弱负异常－正异常，表现出与adakite岩类似的地球化学特征，与庐枞火山盆地双庙组粗面玄武岩的微量元素特征和Nd-Sr同位素组成类似，研究表明：（1）沙溪侵入岩不是由俯冲的洋壳熔融形成，而是由底侵的玄武质下地壳熔融形成，该玄武质下地壳的物质来源与双庙组玄武岩的来源相似，都为富集地幔；（2）燕山晚期，长江中下游地区可能存在玄武质岩浆的底侵作用，地壳发生垂向增生，沙溪地区地壳厚度曾大于40km，但白垩纪至现在，沙溪地区地壳明显减薄；（3）沙溪铜（金）矿床不是与大洋板片俯冲有关的斑岩铜（金）矿床，而可能是与底侵的玄武质下地壳熔融有关的斑岩铜（金）矿床。     

陆壳的垂向增生

陆壳的垂向增生是幔源物质进入到下地壳和下地壳物质进入到地幔的双向过程 ,前者主要表现为壳下底侵作用 ,后者主要表现为岩石圈规模的拆沉作用 ,其中拆沉作用往往诱发了陆壳下大规模的底侵作用。下地壳部分熔融残余的超镁铁质岩沉入到岩石圈地幔的过程称为陆壳沉没作用 ,它可能是陆壳物质进入地幔的一种重要方式。     

Petrogenesis of Cenozoic Potassic Volcanic Rocks in the Nangqên Basin

The Nangqên basin is one of the Tertiary pull‐apart basins situated in the east of the Qiangtang block. Similar to the adjacent Dengqên basin and Baxoi basin, there occurred a series of potassic volcanic and sub‐volcanic rocks, ranging from basic, intermediate to intermediate‐acid in lithology. Based on the study of petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry, including REEs, trace elements, isotopic elements and chronology, the authors concluded that the Cenozoic potassic volcanic rocks in the Nangqên basin were formed in the post‐collisional intraplate tectonic settings. The relations between the basic, intermediate and intermediate‐acid rocks are neither differentiation nor evolution, but instead the geochemical variability is mainly attributable to the different partial melting degrees of the mantle sources formed at depths of 50–80 km. The sources of the potassic rocks are enriched metasomatic mantle that has experienced multiple mixing of components mainly derived from the crust. The recycling model can be described as follows: after they had subducted to the mantle wedge, the crust‐derived rocks were metasomatized with the mantle materials. In view of the fact that the ratio of crust‐derived rocks increases by the age of volcanism, it can be concluded that the sources of the potassic rocks moved upwards progressively with time. The underplating of small scattered magmas upwelling from the asthenosphere may have induced partial melting of the sources of the volcanic rocks in some pull‐apart basins in the Hengduanshan area and the intense tectonic movements of large‐scale strike‐slip belts provided conduits for the ascending melts.     

Subduction-channel model of prism accretion,melange formation,sediment subduction,and subduction erosion at convergent plate margins: 2. Implications and discussion

The subduction-channel model predicts five geologically and geophysically distinctive types of convergent plate margin. They differ primarily in the proportions of incoming sediment and upflowing melange offscraped and underplated near the toe of the overriding block. The model predicts complex patterns of uplift or subsidence of the forearc region due to differential underplating or subduction erosion and to initiation or cessation of melange upflow. It shows how subduction speed, sediment input, and pressure gradient along the channel govern the general distribution and magnitude of subduction-zone earthquakes. It can predict the upward trajectories of exotic blueschist or serpentinized peridotite blocks that become entrained in the upwelling melange; and it suggests mechanisms by which much larger tracts of coherent blueschist can be raised to shallower levels. It predicts characteristic structural and metamorphic histories for geologic units accreted during steady-state subduction, showing for example, that offscraped materials undergo subhorizontally-directed compression during final dewatering and accretion, whereas underplated ones undergo large simple shear. It gives the maximum depths reached by upwelled melange, which bear significantly on the metamorphic changes observed in them. It predicts large-scale melange diapirism in certain rare cases, in which the normally adverse pressure gradient is reversed in a short reach of the channel, as at Barbados Island. Finally, it explains why pelagic sediments are seldom found in accretionary complexes and gives insight into the factors controlling what portion of the incoming sediment, and the¹⁰Be and other tracers it carries, will reach the region of volcanic-arc magmagenesis.     

大兴安岭中生代伸展造山过程中的岩浆作用

概括地介绍了大兴安岭中生代伸展造山过程,重点讨论了晚中生代火山岩、深成岩的岩石学及同位素地球化学特征：存在一套板内拉张环境下的Ａ 型花岗岩,火山岩为一套钾质粗面质岩石,大多数花岗岩和火山岩具有低的Ｎ（８７Ｓｒ）／ Ｎ（８６Ｓｒ） 值（０７０４ ～０７０８） 和正的ε（Ｎｄ ,ｔ） （１ ～４） 值,据此认为这是底侵作用形成的一套壳 幔混熔岩浆的产物,结合岩浆喷发与侵位过程中的伸展构造分析,认为这是大陆内部伸展造山的重要证据。此外,笔者还在该区发现早中生代的一套幔源镁铁质堆晶岩和侵入岩、早 中侏罗世及早白垩世的基性岩墙群、早白垩世（１３０ ～１２０ Ｍａ） 超基性的角闪岩、玻基橄辉岩和碱性橄榄玄武岩。由此可以证明,大兴安岭晚中生代的花岗岩 火山岩活动只是伸展背景下的岩浆演化的一个阶段。