Elastic solutions of displacements for a transversely isotropic full space with inclined planes of symmetry subjected to a point load

This work presents analytical solutions for displacements caused by three‐dimensional point loads in a transversely isotropic full space, in which transversely isotropic planes are inclined with respect to the horizontal loading surface. In the derivation, the triple Fourier transforms are employed toyield integral expressions of Green's displacement; then, the triple inverse Fourier transforms and residue calculus are performed to integrate the contours. The solutions herein indicate that the displacements are governed by (1) the rotation of the transversely isotropic planes (?), (2) the type and degree of material anisotropy (E/E′, ν/ν′, G/G′), (3) the geometric position (r, φ, ξ) and (4) the types of loading (P_x, P_y, P_z). The solutions are identical to those of Liao and Wang (Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomechanics 1998; 22 (6):425–447) if the full space is homogeneous and linearly elastic and the transversely isotropic planes are parallel to the horizontal surface. Additionally, a series of parametric study is conducted to demonstrate the presented solutions, and to elucidate the effect of the aforementioned factors on the displacements. The results demonstrate that the displacements in the infinite isotropic/transversely isotropic rocks, subjected to three‐dimensional point loads could be easily determined using the proposed solutions. Also, these solutions could realistically imitate the actual stratum of loading situations in numerous areas of engineering. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

西藏蓬错地区高镁流纹质岩石的发现及对班公湖-怒江洋演化的指示意义

本文首次报告了班公湖-怒江结合带内蓬错地区接奴群火山岩夹层中具有富硅(70. 5%～75. 2%)、高镁(2. 4%～3. 5%)和高Mg~#(69. 4～75. 7)等特殊地球化学特征的流纹质岩石(流纹英安岩、流纹岩),并对该岩石进行镜下鉴定、造岩矿物电子探针分析、锆石U-Pb和Lu-Hf同位素分析及全岩地球化学测试。岩相学观察发现,在斑晶和基质中均可见一定量的黑云母以及少量白云母。电子探针分析结果揭示该套高镁质岩石镁质成分主要由黑云母(MgO=9. 2%～20. 0%)贡献;白云母也具有富镁(MgO=1. 4%～4. 0%)的特征,因含量较少故贡献较弱。岩石具典型的弧火山岩特征,富集Rb、Th、U等大离子亲石元素(LILE),相对亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素(HSFE),并具明显的Sr、Eu负异常。2件锆石U-Pb年龄结果(161. 5±0. 5Ma、163. 3±1. 7Ma)指示其为中-晚侏罗世火山活动的产物,与前人报道该地区高镁安山岩年龄一致,且具一致的ε_(Hf)(t)值和地球化学特征,指示与高镁安山岩具有成因联系。研究结果表明蓬错高镁质流纹岩是由俯冲洋壳沉积物熔体与地幔组分发生交代作用经由角闪石等矿物相的结晶分异形成的酸性岩浆,并水下喷发的产物;结合地球化学特征,指示其形成于与洋壳俯冲相关的活动大陆边缘弧环境。因研究区地处班公湖-怒江结合带内部,夹持于南羌塘和北拉萨地块之间;且研究区出露老地层(二叠纪之前),南北两侧均有蛇绿岩展布,故提出蓬错高镁流纹质火山岩可能形成于班公湖怒江洋内部小洋盆洋壳俯冲至微陆块之下的构造地质背景。蓬错流纹质岩石为首次报道的具有高镁、富硅特征的流纹质岩石,这种特殊岩石的发现不仅完善高镁岩石家族体系(高镁玄武岩、高镁安山岩、高镁英安岩和高镁流纹岩),同时也为研究班怒洋演化提供详实的证据。     

Spherical sliding isolation bearings with adaptive behavior: Theory

The principles of operation and force–displacement relationships of three novel spherical sliding isolation bearings are developed in this paper. These bearings are completely passive devices, yet exhibit adaptive stiffness and adaptive damping. That is, the stiffness and damping change to predictable values at calculable and controllable displacement amplitudes. The primary benefit of adaptive behavior is that a given isolation system can be separately optimized for multiple performance objectives and/or multiple levels of ground shaking. With the devices presented here, this is accomplished using technology that is inherently no more complex than what is currently used by the civil engineering profession. The internal construction consists of various concave surfaces and behavior is dictated by the different combinations of surfaces upon which sliding can occur over the course of motion. As the surfaces upon which sliding occurs change, the stiffness and effective friction change accordingly. A methodology is presented for determining which surfaces are active at any given time based on the effective radius of curvature, coefficient of friction and displacement capacity of each sliding surface. The force–displacement relationships and relevant parameters of interest are subsequently derived based on the first principles. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

长岭地区火山岩储层流体性质测井预测

火山岩储层非均质性强,其岩石的矿物成分复杂,裂缝、溶蚀孔的类型、组合分布有极强的各向异性,这给火山岩储层流体性质预测造成很大困难.本文通过运用偶极横波资料和三重孔隙解释模型对长岭地区火山岩储层流体性质进行了预测,并取得了较好的效果.说明可以应用这些方法对火山岩储层流体性质进行预测.     

Triple collisions in the one-dimensional three-body problem

We consider the motions of particles in the one-dimensional Newtonian three-body problem as a function of initial values. Using a mapping of orbits to symbol sequences we locate the initial values leading to triple collisions. These turn out to form curves which give clear structure to the region in which the motions depend sensitively on initial conditions. In addition to finding the triple collision orbits we also locate orbits which end up to a triple collision in both directions of time, that is, orbits which are finite both in space and time. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A Search for Collision Orbits in the Free-Fall Three-Body Problem II

A numerical procedure to systematically find collision orbits in the planar three-body problem has been developed in the preceding paper (Tanikawa et al., 1995). Using this procedure, a search for binary and triple collision orbits has been carried out in the free-fall three-body problem. Some detailed structures of a part of the initial value space are discussed. Various interesting orbits have been found. Examples are oscillatory orbits in which ejected particles change from ejection to ejection, and orbits which are not isosceles initially but nearly isosceles after escape. Some results of isosceles problems (Simó and Martínez, 1988) are extended to non-isosceles problems. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Evaluation of simplified methods of analysis for structures with triple friction pendulum isolators

Triple friction pendulum isolators, that exhibit behavior with amplitude‐dependent strength and instantaneous stiffness, represent a new development in seismic isolation. The application of simplified methods of analysis for this type of seismically isolated structures requires development of tools of simplified analysis and demonstration of their accuracy. This paper describes these tools and presents validation studies based on a large number of nonlinear response history analysis results. It is shown that simplified methods of analysis systematically provide good and often conservative estimates of isolator displacement demands and good estimates of isolator peak velocities. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Dynamics of rotating triple systems

We investigate the dynamical evolution of 100 000 rotating triple systems with equal-mass components. The system rotation is specified by the parameter ω=?c²E, where c and E are the angular momentum and total energy of the triple system, respectively. We consider ω=0.1,1, 2, 4, 6 and study 20 000 triple systems with randomly specified coordinates and velocities of the bodies for each ω. We consider two methods for specifying initial conditions: with and without a hierarchical structure at the beginning of the evolution. The evolution of each system is traced until the escape of one of the bodies or until the critical time equal to 1000 mean system crossing times. For each set of initial conditions, we computed parameters of the final motions: orbital parameters for the final binary and the escaping body. We analyze variations in the statistical characteristics of the distributions of these parameters with ω. The mean disruption time of triple systems and the fraction of the systems that have not been disrupted in 1000 mean crossing times increase with ω. The final binaries become, on average, wider at larger angular momenta. The distribution of their eccentricities does not depend on ω and generally agrees with the theoretical law f(e)=2e. The velocities of the escaping bodies, on average, decrease with increasing angular momentum of the triple system. The fraction of the angles between the escaping-body velocity vector and the triple-system angular momentum close to 90° increases with ω. Escapes in the directions opposite to rotation and prograde motions dominate at small and large angular momenta, respectively. For slowly rotating systems, the angular momentum during their disruption is, on average, evenly divided between the escaping body and the final binary, whereas in rapidly rotating systems, about 80% of the angular momentum is carried away by the escaping component. We compare our numerical simulations with the statistical theory of triple-system disruption.     

兴海地区中高压混杂岩片的发现及其构造意义

分布于昆秦接合部—苦海—赛什塘构造混杂带中的混杂岩片,经历了中高压绿片岩相变质和同期强烈的韧性剪切变形,经推算其变质条件P=0.5～0.7GPa,T=400～450℃,地热梯度为16～22℃/Km,属不典型的中高压变质作用产物。经研究确定,物质沉积混杂的时代为P_1—P_2,变质变形作用时间为263～278Ma,经历最后一次变质并折返时间为220～279Ma,三个时期分别代表着本区经历的古特提斯洋壳俯冲、弧陆碰撞—陆内碰撞和陆内造山作用阶段。