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51.
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在场地波速测量中,由于噪声等因素的影响很难准确识别P、S波的初至时刻,致使波速结果存在很大的误差。本文给出了一种基于小波变换的波速测量的新方法。该方法利用波动信号的小波变换与弹性波群速度的关系准确识别弹性波初至时刻。弹性波小波变换的峰值时刻代表着以群速度传播的弹性波的初至时刻,使P波、S波的初至时刻的确定具有明确的物理意义,波速的结果准确、可靠、稳定。此外,波动信号的小波多尺度分析还可以确定地层中传播的弹性波的频散特性。最后,该方法在场地波速测量的实测信号的应用表明该方法可准确确定P、S波速。 相似文献
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Pollutant delivery through artificial subsurface drainage networks to streams is an important transport mechanism, yet the impact of drainage tiles on groundwater hydrology at the watershed scale has not been well documented. In this study, we developed a two‐dimensional, steady‐state groundwater flow model for a representative Iowa agricultural watershed to simulate the impact of tile drainage density and incision depth on groundwater travel times and proportion of baseflow contributed by tile drains. Varying tile drainage density from 0 to 0.0038 m?1, while maintaining a constant tile incision depth at 1.2 m, resulted in the mean groundwater travel time to decrease exponentially from 40 years to 19 years and increased the tile contribution to baseflow from 0% to an upper bound of 37%. In contrast, varying tile depths from 0.3 to 2.7 m, while maintaining a constant tile drainage density of 0.0038 m?1, caused mean travel times to decrease linearly from 22 to 18 years and increased the tile contribution to baseflow from 30% to 54% in a near‐linear manner. The decrease in the mean travel time was attributed to decrease in the saturated thickness of the aquifer with increasing drainage density and incision depth. Study results indicate that tile drainage affects fundamental watershed characteristics and should be taken into consideration when evaluating water and nitrate export from agricultural regions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
54.
Groundwater that bypasses the riparian zone by travelling along deep flow paths may deliver high concentrations of fertilizer‐derived NO3? to streams, or it may be impacted by the NO3? removal process of denitrification in streambed sediments. In a study of a small agricultural catchment on the Atlantic coastal plain of Virginia's eastern shore, we used seepage meters deployed in the streambed to measure specific discharge of groundwater and its solute concentrations for various locations and dates. We used values of Cl? concentration to discriminate between bypass water recharged distal to the stream and that contained high NO3? but low Cl? concentrations and riparian‐influenced water recharged proximal to the stream that contained low NO3? and high Cl? concentrations. The travel time required for bypass water to transit the 30‐cm‐thick, microbially active denitrifying zone in the streambed determined the extent of NO3? removal, and hydraulic conductivity determined travel time through the streambed sediments. At all travel times greater than 2 days, NO3? removal was virtually complete. Comparison of the timescales for reaction and transport through the streambed sediments in this system confirmed that the predominant control on nitrate flux was travel time rather than denitrification rate coefficients. We conclude that extensive denitrification can occur in groundwater that bypasses the riparian zone, but a residence time in biologically active streambed sediments sufficient to remove a large fraction of the NO3? is only achieved in relatively low‐conductivity porous media. Instead of viewing them as separate, the streambed and riparian zone should be considered an integrated NO3? removal unit. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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本文基于笔者采用过的同时考虑房屋层数和场地类别时烈度到水平向地面峰值转换的基本思路,统计研究了烈度与竖向地面峰值的对应关系,明确指出了不同烈度下竖向与水平向峰值的比值应该是有所不同的,并给出了建议的比值,给果可供一般工程抗震设计参考使用。 相似文献
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JOHN R. GILLIS 《Geographical review》2007,97(2):274-287
ABSTRACT. Islands have long held a central place in Western cultures' mythical geographies. They have been associated for centuries with heroic journeys and holy quests, imagined realms of magical transformations. Islands have also been sites of significant rites of passage, and they continue to perform this function in the modern secular world. Today, popular islomania is expressed in the frequency of seasonal sojourning on European and American archipelagos. No longer destinations of permanent residence, islands now provide access to a sense of temporal and spatial rootedness that is no longer available on mainlands. They loom large on the mental maps even of those who rarely, if ever, visit them. 相似文献
59.
贵州高原喀斯特景观及其旅游形象 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
本文通过贵州喀斯特旅游景观类型、特点及优势分析,提出高原、峡谷、峰林、峰丛、瀑布、溶洞是贵州最有代表性的喀斯特景观,它们在空间结上层次丰富的组合,即构成贵州高原绚丽多姿的喀斯特旅游形象,从而展示出贵州喀斯特旅游资源开发的巨大潜力和良好前景。 相似文献
60.
略论珠穆朗玛峰重力值的推估 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
张赤军 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2001,26(6):544-548,554
仅根据邻近点的重力与高程资料,采用了4种有关公式,有效地推估了珠穆朗玛峰顶上的重力值,该值为(976
970±7)×10-5m 相似文献