Evaluation of damping reduction factors for estimating elastic response of structures with high damping

The damping reduction factors are used in a few building codes in order to estimate the elastic response spectrum with high damping ratios from its 5%‐damped counterpart. At present, much research regarding this factor has been published. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the accuracy of five different models of damping reduction factors. In addition, the damping reduction factors adopted in the recent U.S.A. seismic codes are also evaluated. Statistical studies are carried out according to a total of 216 earthquake ground motions recorded on firm sites in California. Considered here are elastic single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) systems with natural vibrating periods between 0.1 and 6.0 s. Mean ratios and dispersion of approximate to exact maximum elastic displacement demands corresponding to various damping reduction factors are computed as functions of the natural vibrating period and the viscous damping ratio. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A probabilistic approach for estimating the seismic response of elasto‐plastic SDOF systems

The seismic response of elasto‐plastic structures to both recorded and generated accelerograms is characterized by a large scattering of the results, even for accelerograms with similar peak ground acceleration values and frequency content. According to current code recommendations a design value of the seismic response of an elasto‐plastic structure can be computed as the mean of the responses to a certain number of spectrum‐fitting generated accelerograms. A more effective probabilistic approach is presented herein. It allows the analyst to calculate a design value of the seismic response characterized by a predefined non‐exceedance probability using a limited number of generated accelerograms. The results of the performed analyses are presented in diagrams that can be used for structural design applications. The applicability of the proposed method is demonstrated in the case of an elasto‐plastic structural system and the results are compared with those obtained applying current code recommendations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

VTI介质P波非双曲时差分析

具有垂直对称轴的横向各向同性介质模型(VTI)是目前各向异性理论研究和多波多分量地震资料叠前成像处理中最常用的一种各向异性模型.VTI介质中反射 P波时距曲线一般不再是双曲线.基于不同的相速度近似公式会得到不同的时距关系式.文中对几种典型的非双曲时距曲线与射线追踪得到的准确时距曲线在不同各向异性强度下进行了对比，结果表明Muir等和Stovas等提出的非双曲时距公式由于过高地考虑了横波垂直速度的影响与精确的时距曲线有很大偏差；Tsvankin等提出的弱各向异性非双曲时距公式在ε-δ<0时误差增大；Alkhalifah等提出的非双曲时距公式在大炮检距任意各向异性强度下都具有较高的精度，适于在实际资料处理中应用.     

The heterogeneous characteristics of crust-mantle structures and the seismic activities in the northwest Beijing region

Introduction Zhangjiakou-Bohai seismic zone is a major active seismic zone that passes through the north-ern part of North China. Zhangjiakou-Beijing area, the northwest part of North China, is located at the intersection position of Yanshan, Taihangshan uplift, and Shanxi down-faulted zone, and the geological structures in this area are extremely complicated. Many researchers in the geoscience circle always pay close attention to this region because Yanqing-Huailai region is located in th…     

基桩低应变动测中"短程多次反射波"的特征研究--兼论横波在检测中的应用前景

短程多次反射波对基桩动测资料解释常会形成干扰，并为人们所忽视。以往国内外文献对此未见详细讨论。这里通过对解析解的理论计算与物理解释，阐明了这种干扰波的波形与强度，取决于缺陷的性质、位置、尺寸以及桩周土的剪切波速，且其不能被频域滤波所消除。因此在一定的客观条件下，这种干扰波会对资料的定性与定量解释造成困难，在实际工作中应予以注意。通过计算与实例，说明了物探资料解释的多解性问题在基桩动测中同样存在，用实测资料与理论曲线拟合法解释，可提高对资料认识的全面性，从而减小这种困难。根据文献通过理论计算说明，若测量扭转波则这种干扰将会大大减小，仅从此角度亦能说明纵横波联合检测是基桩动测的发展方向之一。     

一种严格受控于环境和时间的特殊碳酸盐岩——臼齿构造碳酸盐岩

臼齿构造碳酸盐岩是一种具有类似于大象臼齿特征的特殊碳酸盐岩，其微亮晶脉由纯净的、基本等粒的方解石（或白云岩）构成，而基质物质则由细粒的、富泥质的灰岩组成。通过对中朝板块东部吉辽徐淮地区前寒武纪臼齿构造碳酸盐岩研究，结合国外研究资料，臼齿构造碳酸盐岩具有特定的生存时限，目前只在前寒武纪（主要发育在中、新元古代）地层中发现。研究表明，臼齿构造碳酸盐岩发育在缓坡型台地，宿主岩性以富含泥质的粉屑灰岩、泥晶灰岩为主，位于潮汐流、风暴流影响范围内，为浅潮下和环潮坪环境，潮上带与深缓坡均不发育，具有鲜明的环境和相指示意义。由于缺乏现代相似沉积物，臼齿构造碳酸盐岩的成因还是一个谜，需要进一步研究和探索。      

柴达木盆地第三系粘土矿物横向分布规律及控制因素研究

本文根据粘土矿物的类型、含量和组合特征了柴达木盆地第三系粘土矿物横向分布规律，发现上、下第三系尽管伊/蒙间层粘土、伊利石这两类主要粘土矿物从湖盆的边缘向中心分别呈现减小和增大的趋势，但其含量对比及矿物组合显然不同，下第三系以伊利石为主，主要有Ｉ＋有序Ｉ/Ｓ＋Ｃｈ＋Ｋ组合，其次为不含高岭石的组合；上第三系，湖盆边缘相带以Ｉ/Ｓ间层为主，并主要呈现无序Ｉ/Ｓ间层＋Ｉ＋Ｃｈ＋Ｋ组合，湖盆中心相区则与下第三系类似，但Ｉ/Ｓ间层的含量却要高一些。上述分布规律的控制因素主要有干旱-半干旱的古气候状况、不同的母岩类型、沉积环境和成岩作用强度等。     

一类阶状构造力学解析

阶状构造是地壳岩石断裂面上的一种小型构造，它反映地壳岩石在断裂形成时期的应力状态和两盘运动趋势，提出了一类阶状构造的力学解析方法，表明阶状构造形成条件，主断面与阶面形成的应力状态，结构面力学性质鉴定和断面相互错动趋势判别等等，由计算自动得出。     

Geoelectromagnetic and geothermic investigations in the Ihlara Valley geothermal field

The Ihlara Valley is situated within a volcanic arc that is formed by the collision of the eastern Mediterranean plate system with the Anatolian plate. In this study we will present data from a reservoir monitoring project over the Ihlara-Ziga geothermal field, located 22 km east of Aksaray, in central Anatolia.Although identified geothermal resources in the Ihlara Valley are modest, substantial undiscovered fields have been inferred primarily from the volcanic and tectonic setting but also from the high regional heat flow (150–200 mWm⁻²) on the Kir ehir Massif.In 1988 and 1990, geoelectromagnetic surveys were undertaken by MTA-Ankara to confirm the presence of a relatively shallow (≈ 0.5–1 km), hydrothermally caused conductive layer or zone. CSAMT and Schlumberger resistivity data show good correspondence with each other, and 2-D geoelectric models are also in harmony with geologic data and gravity anomalies.The depth of the resistive basement, which is interpreted as Paleozoic limestone, is 200–250 m in the western part and increases eastward (≈ 600–750 m). This may imply N-S-oriented normal faulting within the survey area. The parameters of the top layer are a resistivity of 25 to 95 ohm m and a thickness of between 100 and 250 m. The thickness of the conductive tuffs between the top layer and the basement, whose resistivity is about 4–5 o hmm, also increases eastward (from 100 to 450 m). The apparent resistivity maps for the frequencies between 32 and 2 Hz reveal a localized low resistivity anomaly to the east of Belisirma.     

桩基质量分析及动力检测方法研究

本文分析了两类常见的沉管灌注桩和人工挖孔灌注桩的工艺特点，桩基质量问题的产生原因及动力检测方法，同要准确地判断两类桩基质量问题，必须准确计算缺陷的位置，对桩基的工艺特点和施工过程有深刻的认识，对动力检测理论有透彻的理解。同时，对人工挖孔灌注桩动力检测的特殊性进行了专门分析。