Wavelet analysis of paleomagnetic data: 1. Characteristic average times (5–10 kyr) of variations in the geomagnetic field during and immediately before and after the Early Jaramillo reversal (Western Turkmenistan)

Joint wavelet analysis of complete and downsampled series of paleomagnetic and petromagnetic characteristics of rocks in the Matuyama-Jaramillo transitional zone in the Adzhidere section is used to extract paleomagnetic data whose variations are associated with the geomagnetic field alone and data correlating with variations in petromagnetic parameters. It supposed that this correlation can be caused by an external factor affecting weak variations in the magnetic field and climatic changes reflected in the composition and amount of the ferromagnetic fraction in rocks. Preliminary data are obtained for the characteristic times of field variations at the time of accumulation of rocks in the transitional zone.     

Impacts of land-use and climate changes on ecosystem productivity and carbon cycle in the cropping-grazing transitional zone in China

Terrestrial ecosystems are both a carbon source and sink, therefore play an important role in the global carbon cycle that act as a link of interactions between human activities and climate changes[1,2]. Climate change impacts ecosystem carbon cycle through af- fecting biological processes, e.g. plant photosynthesis, respiration, and soil carbon decomposition. Land-use change directly modifies the distribution and structure of terrestrial ecosystems and hence the carbon storage and fluxes. Usi…     

试论中国北方农牧交错带人地系统的主要特征及其度量指标——以科尔沁沙地为例

以科尔沁沙地为例,在剖析我国北方农牧交错带人地系统的脆弱性、边缘效应、波动性及能控性等主要特征的基础上,探讨其度量指标。     

早-中奥陶世之交笔石动物群全球分布及其控制作用

为研究笔石动物群在早一中奥陶世之交全球分布的控制因素,从以下3个方面进行了分析和研究:①分析了穿越扬子地台笔石动物群的分布特征;②在对笔石体形态功能分析的基础上,探讨了水体深度对笔石动物群分布的影响;③根据当时的古地理格局,并参考现今的洋流分布,建立了早一中奥陶世之交的洋流分布图.在以上研究的基础上,对前人以水体深度作...     

主要经济体1990—2007年温室气体排放变化及其启示

主要发达国家提交UNFCCC的1990-2006年排放清单数据显示,部分发达国家已采取了确实的减排措施完成《京都议定书》规定的温室气体减排目标,其中,德、英、法、荷和瑞典是履行《京都议定书》温室气体目标效果最好的国家,分析各国所采取的减排政策／措施发现,这些国家完成《京都议定书》目标的实际路径大多是“避重就轻”的,其做法对于我国处于工业化中期的地区,采取非关键领域减排的策略可以为我国经济高速重化工发展腾出一定的排放空间,减少温室气体减排对经济发展的制约。     

Flow Behavior of Clay-Silt to Sand-Silt Water-Rich Suspensions at Low to High Shear Rates: Implications for Slurries, Transitional Flows, and Submarine Debris-Flows

Water-rich clay to sand suspensions show a shear rate dependent flow behavior and knowledge of the appropriate rheological model is relevant for sedimentological, industrial and hydraulic studies. We present experimental rheological measurements of water-rich (40 to 60 wt%) clay to silt (population A) and silt to sand (population B) suspensions mixed in different proportions. The data evidence a shear rate dependent shear thinning-shear thickening transition. At lower shear rates, the suspensions organize in chains of particles, whereas at higher shear rates, these chains disrupt so increasing the viscosity. The viscosity, consistency and yield stress decrease as the A+B fraction decreases as the content of B particles increases. This behavior reflects the competing effects of the lubrication and frictional processes as a function of particle size and water content. Transitional flows form by the incorporation of small amounts of the finer fraction while ‘oceanic floods’ form at the estuary of rivers and the submarine debris-flows increase their velocity by incorporating water. The critical Reynolds number of the studied suspensions is ~2000±100 suggesting that the grainsize plays a major role in the laminar to turbulent transition. Our results have implications for the modeling of sediment flows and the hazard related to floods.     

Middle Jurassic continental to marine transition in an extensional tectonics context: the Genna Selole Fm depositional system in the Tacchi area (central Sardinia,Italy)

In Eastern Sardinia during the early Middle Jurassic, Alpine Tethys opening triggered the rise of a temporary tectonic high. The high collapsed rapidly, was fragmented into separate blocks, and subsequently covered by continental, transitional, and finally shallow marine deposits forming a narrow depositional system comprising the Genna Selole Fm. Present‐day exposures in the southern part of the palaeo‐high allow the sedimentological evolution of the transgressive cover sequence to be ascertained. Initial terrestrial deposits comprise alluvial fan deposits located at the mouths of palaeovalleys. These pass into braid‐deltas and in the coastal areas located between adjacent valleys mouths, palustrine and coastal plain tidally‐influenced environments developed. These environments interfingered laterally and passed seaward into a transitional, siliciclastic to carbonate tidal environment. With the collapse of the tectonic high, the continental to transitional environments were transgressed with deposition of marine carbonates. A comparison with similar coeval deposits of the W‐Mediterranean domain has been undertaken. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

北京南部地壳精细结构深地震反射探测研究

为了研究北京平原区的地壳结构特征、断裂的空间展布、断裂活动性以及深浅构造关系,在北京平原区的南部完成了1条长90 km的深地震反射剖面.探测结果表明,该区地壳以双程反射时间(TWT)6～7 s的强反射带Tc为界分为上地壳和下地壳,上地壳厚约18～19 km,下地壳厚约16～17 km,Moho界面深度约为34～35 km.该区结晶基底起伏变化较大,上、下地壳分界面和Moho界面都是一个具有一定厚度的过渡带.上地壳反射层位丰富,断裂构造发育,构造形态清晰.在夏垫断裂西北,剖面揭示了4～5组能量较强的反射震相,表现为典型的隆起区特征;在夏垫断裂东南,上部为一套向东南倾伏的密集强反射层,下部为一套形态各异、结构复杂的强反射层,这些反射具有典型的沉积盆地特征,盆地最深处约为11 km.剖面揭示的地壳深断裂倾角较陡,向上切穿了上、下地壳分界面,延伸到上地壳沉积盆地的底部,向下切穿了壳幔过渡带,与上部断裂和沉积盆地构成了独特的组合关系.     

长三角工业经济规模与污染排放异速关系及互动机制

正确处理经济增长与环境污染关系是实现区域高质量发展和构建“双循环”新发展格局的关键问题。本文以2000—2018年长三角地区工业经济规模与工业污染指数为研究对象,构建工业经济规模—污染排放异速增长模型,分析两者关系的时空变化规律,并借助增强回归树模型探究异速增长的影响机制。结果表明：① 长三角地区工业经济规模与工业污染指数空间格局具有较强的稳定性和较高的相似性,呈现出由东向西递减的空间态势;随着工业经济规模的扩大,工业污染指数总体呈下降趋势。② 在纵向异速上,长三角地区总体沿着经济环境基本协调—经济扩张弱型—经济环境基本协调变化;在横向异速上,多数城市工业污染指数相对增速低于工业经济规模增速,标度指数多呈下降趋势。③ 城市生态基础、能源利用效率、工业发展水平、科技发展水平、对外开放水平和财政投入水平是影响异速增长的主导因子,这些因素在前期对异速增长具有正向影响,后期转变为负向影响。④ 经济增长的市场主导与环境保护的政府主导间的错位关系产生经济环境异速增长,并促使区域一体化出现,区域一体化与经济环境异速增长相互促进、相互影响。推动长三角地区经济生态一体化建设,实现绿水青山与金山银山的有机统一,是实现区域高质量发展的必由之路。