模式识别与成矿预测Ⅳ——Isokid模式识别方法及其在矿产预测中的应用

在Isodata、Isomix等方法的基础上,笔者提出一个新的非监督模式识别方法即Isokid算法,该法还吸取了Cora-3、Hamming等监督模式识别方法的一些特点,使它具有很多优点:(1) 简化了初始聚类中心的计算;(2) 利用信息量计算法给特征加权;(3) 采用了删除特征试验;(4) 适用于多类分类识别。本文以广东花岗岩型铀矿床的识别预测和对赣中南产铀、产钨岩体的识别为例,介绍了本方法的使用情况和特点。结果表明,本方法识别结果可靠稳定,是目前模式识别中较好的方法,除应用于地质找矿外,还可应用于其它领域。     

湘西磷块岩矿床特征及勘查开发建议

湘西地区磷矿资源较丰富，主要为赋存于震旦系上统陡山沱组中的磷块岩矿床。该类矿床在湘西部分县市含矿层位稳定，分布广，矿床(点)多，埋藏浅，但品位低，选矿难，利用成本高。针对这些特征，提出如下勘查和开发的建议：即在整个湘西含磷层位出露范围内进行地质调查，对湘西震旦系磷块岩矿床资源进行总体综合评价，加强开采、选矿和加工等方面的技术攻关：同时充分利用地方政策、水电能源、交通条件等优势对较低品位、中小规模磷块岩矿进行开发利用。     

企鹅珍珠贝（Pteria penguin）主要经济性状对体重的影响效果分析

采用多元线性回归和通径分析方法,研究企鹅珍珠贝主要经济性状对体重的影响效果。结果表明,6个性状间的相关系数均达到极显著水平（P〈0.01）;通径分析表明各经济性状对体重的直接影响效果为软体部重（0.726）〉壳长（0.146）〉壳高（0.107）〉闭壳肌重（0.058）〉壳宽（0.049）,壳长、壳高、闭壳肌重和壳宽对...     

疣荔枝螺形态性状对质量性状的影响

随机抽取100只同龄疣荔枝螺(Thais clavigera Kuster),开展其形态性状与体质量和软体部质量的相关与通径分析。实验选取并测量了壳长(X1)、壳宽(X2)、壳厚(X3)、壳口长(X4)和壳口宽(X5)等5项形态性状以及体质量(Y)和软体部质量(Z)等2项质量性状,运用相关分析、通径分析和多元回归分析等方法分析了各形态性状对体质量和软体部质量的影响。相关分析表明,疣荔枝螺各项性状间的相关均呈极显著(P<0.01)。通径分析表明,形态性状对体质量直接影响大小的顺序为壳长(0.459)>壳宽(0.277)>壳厚(0.209)>壳口宽(0.140);壳长对体质量的直接决定系数最大(0.220),是影响体质量的主要因素。通过多元回归分析,建立了形态性状对体质量的回归方程:Y=-9.714+0.220X1+0.204X2+0.195X3+0.151X5。     

不同抗流能力大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)肌肉转录组学差异分析

为揭示不同抗流能力的大黄鱼(Larimichthyscrocea)肌肉基因表达水平的变化,筛选抗流相关基因,解析大黄鱼抗流性状形成的分子基础,收集福建福鼎沙埕湾主养区1 000尾大黄鱼,在设计制作的抗流实验水槽中,以流速1.0m/s为筛选条件,将抗流时间>30 min的大黄鱼归为抗流组(HM组),抗流时间<5 min的大黄鱼归为非抗流组(SM组),对其肌肉进行转录组分析,并统计抗流分组后48 h内大黄鱼的累计死亡率。转录组结果显示, HM组与SM组文库共富集到1806个差异表达基因(DEGs),其中1090个上调,716个下调。GO功能注释发现显著富集的条目主要集中在肌肉收缩相关功能, KEGG富集分析发现上调的DEGs主要富集在心肌收缩、氧化磷酸化、黏着斑、ECM-受体相互作用、AGE-RAGE、MAPK、心肌细胞中的肾上腺素能等相关通路;下调的DEGs主要富集在真核生物核糖体的发生、蛋白酶体、内质网中的蛋白加工、RNA转运、泛素介导的蛋白水解信号通路等。此外,RT-qPCR结果表明,随机选取的DEGs与RNA-seq结果的表达趋势一致。48h的累计死亡率结果显示,SM组...     

Isolation, cloning and sequencing of AFLP markers related to disease-resistance traits in Fenneropenaeus chinensis

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique was used to analyze the fingerprinting of four successive generations ofFenneropenaeus chinensis to reveal their disease-resistance traits. Some loci showed quite different genetic frequencies due to artificial selection, which implied that these fragments were putative markers related to the disease-resistance trait. We developed a simple and effective method to further characterize these AFLP fragments. Specific AFLP bands were cut directly from polyacrylamide gels, re-amplified, cloned and sequenced. Eight putative genetic markers were sequenced and their sizes ranged from 63 to 209 bp. The sequences were submitted to dbGSS (database of Genome Sequence Survey); and the BLAST analysis showed low similarity to the function genes, indicating these markers were tightly linked to a disease-resistance trait but were not functional genes. This research was supported by special funds from the National Key Basic Research Program (G1999012007) and the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (863 Program. 2001AA620105).     

元阳梯田水稻地方品种与现代水稻品种的农艺性状比较研究

本文对3个元阳县哈尼族人持续种植了上百年的水稻品种和3个现代品种分别种植在元阳梯田6个不同海拔梯度进行主要农艺性状比较研究。研究结果表明：传统品种在不同海拔的株高、穗长、有效穗等农艺性状差异不显著,而现代品种在不同海拔的农艺性状波动较大,这可能是元阳地方水稻品种长期种植与环境相适应的结果。     

基于三代测序技术的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)高通量候选基因关联分析方法的建立

凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeusvannamei)是世界也是我国的主导对虾养殖品种,产业的发展离不开良种的支撑,分子育种被认为是加快良种选育的最有效途径,而目标性状相关分子标记的开发是发展分子育种的基础。研究主要目的是建立一种适用于凡纳滨对虾等水产经济物种的高通量候选基因关联分析方法,并在抗弧菌相关标记筛选中进行应用。首次将三代靶向测序技术用于对虾候选基因的基因分型,在抗弧菌性状候选基因LvPI3K的全长序列上发掘到91个SNP位点,通过关联分析鉴定到21个与抗弧菌性状显著相关的SNP标记(P0.05),利用Sanger测序证实了三代靶向测序技术分型结果准确可靠。所建立的基于三代测序的靶向分型方法为凡纳滨对虾等水产动物提供了一种高效、低成本的基因分型方法,所发掘的抗弧菌性状相关位点对开展凡纳滨对虾抗弧菌性状分子育种具有一定指导意义。     

Different crab species influence feeding of the snail Nucella lapillus through trait‐mediated indirect interactions

Indirect interactions are among the many important factors that influence the community structure of the rocky intertidal zone. Trait‐mediated indirect interactions, in which the presence of a predator or competitor can influence the relationship between two other species, have emerged as vital for understanding community dynamics. This study examined the effect of different crab species on the feeding habits of an intertidal snail, Nucella lapillus. Crab species were defined as being sympatric predatory (Carcinus maenas and Cancer irroratus), sympatric non‐predatory (Uca pugnax and Pagurus longicarpus), or allopatric predatory (Mithrax sculptus and Percnon gibbesi). Nucella lapillus were potentially exposed to risk cues from each of the crab species. Crabs were kept in perforated boxes, which allowed any chemical cues to be emitted but prevented direct contact. Nucella lapillus had significantly lower feeding rates in the presence of sympatric predatory crab species than N. lapillus exposed to either sympatric non‐predatory crabs or allopatric predatory crabs. There was no difference in feeding rate between N. lapillus exposed to the sympatric non‐predatory crabs and to the allopatric predatory crabs. Nucella lapillus in the presence of sympatric predatory crabs had a feeding rate of only 0.07 barnacles per snail per day, whereas N. lapillus housed with non‐predatory crabs and allopatric predatory crabs had rates of 0.11 and 0.12, respectively, suggesting that N. lapillus alter their behavior in response to chemical risk cues from local predators. These results suggest that the ability to detect and respond to risk cues is a selectively evolved trait.     

暗纹东方鲀生长性状相关微卫星标记筛选

为了筛选与暗纹东方鲀(Takifugu obscurus)生长相关的分子标记,作者采用SSR结合BSA技术对同龄孵化群体的同池养殖暗纹东方鲀生长差异性状标记进行筛选。利用85对微卫星引物对暗纹东方鲀生长快、慢各30尾个体构建的两个基因池进行分析,共筛选到14个差异位点。然后分析这14个差异微卫星位点在这60个暗纹东方鲀个体中的基因型差异,结果表明:位点TOP03、TOG01、fms15、fms75与生长性状呈现极显著负相关关系(P0.01),fms89与生长性状呈现极显著正相关关系(P0.01)。用另外30个个体(生长快慢各15个)进行验证实验后,结果只有位点fms15、fms75与生长性状显著相关,相关系数分别为–0.411和–0.384。这两个微卫星位点对于暗纹东方鲀生长性状有显著效应,为开展暗纹东方鲀的分子标记辅助育种提供了有价值的参考标记。