震后应急期最优路径评估方法

在灾后救援中,交通系统既是救援物资运输的通道,也是抢救和安置受伤群众的重要保证。然而破坏性地震后,交通系统的破坏以及急增的运输量给伤亡人员的转移和救援物资的运送都带来了极大的困难。因此,在灾后第一时间给出最优路径的建议,帮助救援队快速高效的进行灾后的救援工作,有重要的意义。考虑震后条件及应急需求,对已有的最短路径,最大容量路径进行改进。利用Dijkstra算法和深度优先算法,考虑路段的通行能力、抢修效率和应急期限,给出了以最大运输量为目标的最优路径的评价方法,为震后应急决策提供技术支持。     

一种基于ELK框架的地理信息动态时空数据获取与挖掘方法

尝试将ELK框架在大规模日志实时处理方面的能力抽离出来,将其优势能力与地理信息技术相结合,提供一种基于ELK框架的地理信息动态时空数据获取与挖掘方法。该方法通过建立机制动态采集海量级非结构化数据,并实时筛取与地理要素相关的时空信息,从而实现海量级分析样本下的地理信息时空数据的实时动态分析与挖掘。最后以上海市快速路交通流量作为研究对象验证该方法模型,试验结果能够反映一定的社会潜在规律并提供相关指导价值,证明方法可行,并对方法的优缺点进行了记录与分析。     

Impact of vehicles on benthic macrofauna on a subtropical sand beach

Our study aimed to identify possible relationships between the structure of the benthic macrofauna and the intense use of vehicles in Cassino Beach. Physical changes in the sediment were identified, with high compaction in the sector most affected by the vehicles, especially during the summer. The benthic macrofauna was significantly affected by vehicles, with lower densities observed in the most impacted sector, mainly in the summer, unlike the control sector, where higher densities were observed during the pre-summer and summer. We concluded that the vehicle traffic changes the physical environment of the beach and consequently affects the benthic community in the face of this disturbance. We conclude that the benthic macrofauna is highly impacted by vehicle traffic at Cassino Beach, mainly in the period with the highest traffic, and alternatives are needed for this impact, helping to recover this ecosystem.     

基于国际公路运输链的“一带一路”区域公路通达性分析

国际公路运输作为“一带一路”倡议之互联互通的重要部分,是沿线国家经贸往来的重要载体。本文基于国际公路运输链的角度,结合行车时间和通关耗时,从公路通行能力和通行便捷性两方面分析“一带一路”区域公路通达性。研究表明：① “一带一路”区域公路通行能力分布状况存在不平衡现象,中东欧、中国、印度形成“三极”,通行能力明显高于其他区域,中亚、西亚、东北亚等地区由于公路覆盖率低、缺少高等级公路成为通行能力薄弱区域。② 受累积空间距离、跨境通关时间、公路网的完善程度以及政治局势等因素影响,“一带一路”区域通行便捷性在空间分布上大致呈现“中东欧-中国”双峰结构;区域之间乃至区域内部国家间通行便捷性差异显著,从高通行便捷性到低通行便捷性,通达时间由公路行车时间主导过渡到通关累积时间主导,国家间的通关障碍在很大程度上降低了“一带一路”区域公路运输整体通达性水平。     

Evolution and paleobiogeography of mangroves

We reviewed the geological record of mangroves based on fossil pollen, fruits, and wood evidence of Nypa, Avicennia, Sonneratia, Rhizophoraceae, and mangrove associates to trace the origin, distribution, extinction, and range contraction of paleo‐mangroves during the Late Cretaceous–Miocene time. Our study region covers paleocoastal areas of Indo‐West Pacific (IWP) and Atlantic East Pacific (AEP) region. First, we compiled the mangrove fossil records from the Late Cretaceous till Miocene and identified the migration pattern for Nypa, Avicennia, Sonneratia, Rhizophoraceae members, and mangrove associates such as Acrostichum, Wetherellia, Pelliciera, Aegiceras, Heritiera, Excoecaria, and Barringtonia. Second, we interpreted the paleoclimate shifts which caused the dispersal/extinction of this specialized ecosystem. Lastly, we proposed the future consequences of mangrove diversity for restoration and conservation strategies. First mangroves appeared during the Late Cretaceous, 100–65 Ma, since then their evolution is closely related to sea‐level changes in geological times. The oldest geological record of Nypa palm which prefers broad ecological tolerance is a good example for pantropical distribution of mangroves. High sea‐level and humid climate offered sufficient coastal regions and climate for the development of 12 genera of mangroves in nine families and subsequent proliferation into newer areas during early to middle Eocene (~50–40 Ma). The Eocene/Oligocene boundary crisis heralds the beginning of a biogeographical split between the present‐day eastern and western provinces of mangroves with records of Sonneratia, Rhizophora, Pelliciera, Barringtonia, and Acrostichum. However, during Oligocene and Middle Miocene mangroves occupied the present geographical position with addition of Nypa, Avicennia, and Excoecaria species. Re‐evaluation of Cenozoic records suggests that the climatic conditions of Late Paleocene, end of Eocene, and middle Pliocene were the driving force that led to the evolution and expansion of mangrove flora. During the Neogene, latitudinal contraction, extinction, and migration of mangroves led to the present bipartite distribution. The Himalayan uplift and establishment of Asian summer monsoon toward Late Neogene further affected the coastal dynamics which tailored the mangrove distribution of the Indian subcontinent. Loss of ecological habitats and local extinction forming disjunct distribution of mangroves during the Quaternary have also affected its overall biogeography.     

基于多层次特征的江苏省陆路交通地理国情监测

江苏省陆路交通发达但地区差异明显。本文围绕江苏省陆路交通地理国情监测实践,通过分析陆路交通的空间特征、功能特征、社会经济影响效应等特征,构建了基于多层次特征的江苏省陆路交通全景式监测指标体系。依托多源时空信息和互联网大数据,研究了支撑陆路交通各特征指标监测的系列关键技术,形成了江苏省陆路交通地理国情监测技术路线。     

网络三维技术下的时空可视化分析

随着数据获取技术的快速发展,海量时空数据的来源越来越广。然而受限于数据的认知能力,人们无法高效地从海量时空数据中获取有用信息。利用人的视觉带宽,进行数据可视化分析,可以大大增强对数据的认知能力,提高数据分析效率,从而更快地对时空进行感知,制定决策。时空立方体作为一种三维的时空数据可视化方法,可以直观地展示时空数据的动态特质、周期性规律以及分布状况,对于辅助决策具有重要意义。本文利用WebGL技术,实现了Web端时空立方体的快速生成;并基于中国铁路运输开展实验,对全国铁路运输时空数据进行可视化分析,验证了网络时空可视化分析的实用性。     

Escape route analysis after water inrush from the working face during submarine tunnel excavation

More and more deep-seated long submarine tunnels are under construction, which greatly promotes the development of tunneling technology. The complex geological conditions and frequent geological disasters have become great challenges during submarine tunnel excavation. Among them, casualties and economic losses caused by water inrush are on the top levels in all kinds of tunnel geological disasters. Escape routes after water inrush from the working face during submarine tunnel excavation are investigated and optimized in the present study. Numerical simulations are performed using the FLUENT software to probe water flow characteristics after inrush. Two common cases of water inrush during double-line submarine tunnel excavation are researched. The variation rules of velocity and pressure in the tunnels after inrush are analyzed and discussed. The optimized escape routes are achieved. Finally, the water movement laws after inrush from the working face under different excavation situations are further discussed by comparing the two case studies. Water inrush of high velocity occurs on one working face of the double-line submarine tunnel, and the research results are as follows: (1) The velocity close to the tunnel side wall is the minimum, while it is the maximum in the middle position. (2) The pressure changes greatly at the intersection area of the cross passage and the tunnels. (3) The velocity and pressure nearby the working face without water inrush are both small. (4) The velocity at the high location of the cross passage is relatively small.     

广东省乡村聚落空间分布的影响机制及研究内容框架展望（英文）

Based on land use classification data of remote sensing images, using kernel density, the minimal cumulative resistance model of road traffic accessibility, and a logistic regression model, the characteristics of the spatial pattern and the main factors influencing it were quantitatively examined in Guangdong Province from 1990 to 2013. The framework of the research concerning rural settlement evolution and its effect mechanisms were also discussed and generalized for the future. The results are as follows:(1) The spatial distribution of rural settlements showed spatial directivity of low altitude, low slope, and adjacent to rivers, as well as to villages and towns; thus a special pattern was formed, which was dense on the plains, sparse in mountainous areas, and included two core high density regions of rural settlements in the Chaoshan plain in the east and the Zhanjiang plain tableland region in the west. The spatial distribution of rural settlements was located along the rivers, valleys, and roads with traffic in the mountainous regions surrounding the Pearl River Delta region.(2) In addition to the spatial orientation of the open road, it was important to show that the accessibility of road traffic to the township has had the greatest influence on the spatial distribution of the rural settlements. The connected transport network between towns and villages is significant for rural transformation as a comprehensive increase in township production and service capacity will be the key to optimizing the town-village system in rural areas.(3) Elevation and slope were two basic but influential factors that have affected the distribution, scale, and form of rural settlements. The attributes of the physical geography are the first elements in optimizing village layout and planning spatial reconstruction.(4) In the current Internet and social media era, the reconstruction of market network system orders connects with the global market network system in rural areas. The rural life service circle will be constructed with the township at its core to explore the theory and practice of spatial reconstruction, including its production, life and ecology, and socio-cultural heritage and protection. It will also allow for exploration of the rural settlements' evolution, rural spatial production, rural social networks, group behavior, social autonomy, and social and cultural fields, which will bethe core focus of China's rural spatial reconstruction research against a background of globalization.     

1936年以来南京城市空间扩展特征研究

城市交通网络的发展是城市空间扩展的重要表征和驱动力。以1936—2015年间6个代表性年份的城市交通地图为数据源,提取相应年份南京城市轴线图,利用基于空间句法的整合度、城市扩张强度（SS-EII）和智能度指数,分析1936年以来南京城市空间扩展趋势和特征,划分演化阶段,并分析城市加速扩张阶段的空间扩展质量。结果表明：① 南京城市空间扩展大体经历了滞缓（1936—1971年）、复兴（1971—1982年）和加速（1982—2015年）三个阶段,逐渐突破老城区,向西南、东北、南部和西北实现全方位空间扩展,形成多中心空间结构。② 加速阶段空间扩展质量总体较高,交通网络建设逐渐与用地扩张相协调,并开始引导城市空间多中心扩散,但各中心间有机联系不足,导致城市空间整体性和空间效率有所降低。③ 应进一步加强多中心间的交通联系,促进人口、经济有机疏散,并提高城市空间整体性。