云南个（旧）-冷（墩）公路K22＋336回头湾段边坡治理工程研究

目前，在我国地质灾害防治及道路建设工程中，岩土锚固施工大多采用单一的拉力型锚索工法。一般锚索索体的长效防腐问题没有得到应有的重视。文章对云南省个旧-冷墩公路边坡工程中所采用的压力分散型锚索工法从设计、试验及成功应用等多方面进行了详细介绍。①在一些复杂地形条件下，锚索防护方案有其独特的经济实用性。②在地基承载力较低的软弱地层中，常用的拉力型锚索无法提供防护工程所需的大吨位锚固力。而有多个受力体的压力分散型锚索则因其对锚固段全长范围内地基承载力的充分利用来提供较大吨位的锚固力；③永久锚索防护工程作为一项具有隐蔽性强特点的结构工程，为保证在其报务年限内锚索能够可靠地工作，在设计阶段，锚索体的长效防腐应为不能忽略的主要考虑因素。在该工程中首次应用了新型高强材料——环氧全喷涂无粘结钢绞线作为锚索体的杆材，较好地解决了永久锚固工程中的锚索防腐问题。     

Mechanism of loading on plates due to explosive detonation

This paper investigates the various mechanisms and parameters that are responsible for delivering impulse to a vehicle that is unfortunate enough to detonate a buried mine. Small scale tests are used to examine the effects of air blast or ejected sand in imparting impulse to a plate that is located above the surface of the saturated soil that contains the explosive. Parameters such as confinement, stand off distance, depth of burial of the explosive, density of the soil, and saturation level of the soil are also examined.     

喀斯特地区旅游开发的自然景观保护--以贵州省绥阳县为例

该文以贵州省绥阳县为例，针对我国西南喀斯特地区旅游开发中自然环境的特点，探讨溶洞景观的保护、喀斯特地表生态环境保护、水体的保护与综合治理等问题。     

试论生态环保厕所技术在云南旅游业发展中的可行性

云南省地处高原,鉴于缺水严重、自然环境脆弱的实际情况,同时,为了突破制约旅游业发展的“旅游厕所”这一瓶颈,云南省现已在走“科技兴旅”的道路,坚持使用高科技、节能环保的生态厕所技术,以确保云南省旅游业持续、快速、健康的发展。由于并非每一种生态环保厕所技术都适用于旅游业,因此,对现今市场上出现的纷繁复杂的生态环保厕所技术进行归类、分析、总结,提出了适应于云南省旅游业发展的生态环保厕所技术类型以及具体的适用场所,进一步指出在选择技术的过程中应考虑的问题。     

旅游环境保护立法初探

旅游对资源与环境的依赖性强,在开发和利用中已经对环境造成不容忽视的破坏和负面影响。在对旅游环境的概念进行界定的基础上,分析了当前中国旅游环境领域立法的必要性,主要从旅游业的发展势态、旅游业对旅游环境的污染与破坏和旅游环境立法的现状3个方面入手,提出了对中国旅游环境立法的一些建议。     

Statistical identification of orographic effects in the regional analysis of extreme rainfall

Regional models of extreme rainfall must address the spatial variability induced by orographic obstacles. However, the proper detection of orographic effects often depends on the availability of a well‐designed rain gauge network. The aim of this study is to investigate a new method for identifying and characterizing the effects of orography on the spatial structure of extreme rainfall at the regional scale, including where rainfall data are lacking or fail to describe rainfall features thoroughly. We analyse the annual maxima of daily rainfall data in the Campania region, an orographically complex region in Southern Italy, and introduce a statistical procedure to identify spatial outliers in a low order statistic (namely the mean). The locations of these outliers are then compared with a pattern of orographic objects that has been a priori identified through the application of an automatic geomorphological procedure. The results show a direct and clear link between a particular set of orographic objects and a local increase in the spatial variability of extreme rainfall. This analysis allowed us to objectively identify areas where orography produces enhanced variability in extreme rainfall. It has direct implications for rain gauge network design criteria and has led to promising developments in the regional analysis of extreme rainfall. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地理国情普查时点核准作业方法探讨

通过核实从数据采集到标准时点阶段发生变化的内容,补充新增内容,消除普查前阶段由于资料时效性和外业局限性等导致的现势性不统一现象,对变化的地理国情信息进行核准,使地理国情普查数据成果在时间上达到统一,是开展地理国情监测的基础。     

秩亏自由网平差在地铁隧道保护区中的应用

地铁隧道保护区沉降监测网中包含多个基准点,依据不同基准点平差所得结果也不相同。本文引入秩亏自由网平差方法,将所有基准点视为待定参数进行平差,并通过工程实例,验证此方法在地铁隧道保护区沉降观测中有一定的适用性。     

Long-Term Variability of the Wind Field over the Indian Ocean Based on ERA-Interim Reanalysis

A detailed study of long-term variability of winds using 30 years of data from the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts global reanalysis (ERA-Interim) over the Indian Ocean has been carried out by partitioning the Indian Ocean into six zones based on local wind extrema. The trend of mean annual wind speed averaged over each zone shows a significant increase in the equatorial region, the Southern Ocean, and the southern part of the trade winds. This indicates that the Southern Ocean winds and the southeast trade winds are becoming stronger. However, the trend for the Bay of Bengal is negative, which might be caused by a weakening of the monsoon winds and northeast trade winds. Maximum interannual variability occurs in the Arabian Sea due to monsoon activity; a minimum is observed in the subtropical region because of the divergence of winds. Wind speed variations in all zones are weakly correlated with the Dipole Mode Index (DMI). However, the equatorial Indian Ocean, the southern part of the trade winds, and subtropical zones show a relatively strong positive correlation with the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), indicating that the SOI has a zonal influence on wind speed in the Indian Ocean. Monsoon winds have a decreasing trend in the northern Indian Ocean, indicating monsoon weakening, and an increasing trend in the equatorial region because of enhancement of the westerlies. The negative trend observed during the non-monsoon period could be a result of weakening of the northeast trade winds over the past few decades. The mean flux of kinetic energy of wind (FKEW) reaches a minimum of about 100?W?m^?2 in the equatorial region and a maximum of about 1500?W?m^?2 in the Southern Ocean. The seasonal variability of FKEW is large, about 1600?W?m^?2, along the coast of Somalia in the northern Indian Ocean. The maximum monthly variability of the FKEW field averaged over each zone occurs during boreal summer. During the onset and withdrawal of monsoon, FKEW is as low as 50?W?m^?2. The Southern Ocean has a large variation of about 1280?W?m^?2 because of strong westerlies throughout the year.     

高建筑对周围建筑雷击保护距离的模拟

在已有先导连接参数化方案的基础上,选取近地面层为研究区域,保持方案中其他基本参量不变,通过改变闪电的空间形态,在同一建筑分布的背景下进行多次闪电模拟。研究多个建筑之间的屏蔽作用以及建筑雷击保护距离与建筑相关特征参数之间的关系,结果表明:高建筑对矮建筑具有屏蔽作用,并存在一个临界保护距离,当高、矮建筑高度分别为190 m和165 m,宽度均为20 m时,建筑之间的距离在12 m以内,矮建筑受高建筑完全保护不遭受雷击;建筑之间的距离超过12 m,矮建筑遭雷击次数明显增多。