农村居民旅游认知特征分析--以湖南省四县市为例

论文通过对湖南省四个县市1200个农村居民抽样调查,分析了农村居民对旅游的认知特征,结果表明:(1)农村居民对旅游的态度普遍较好,但不同区域、不同年龄层的农民对旅游的认知差异较大,农民接受旅游信息的渠道还较单一。(2)农民出游动机出现多元化,但出游目的较为集中,旅游偏好受年龄和经济来源的影响较大。(3)农民的出游愿望很高,出游时间充裕而且较集中,但出游预算比实际花费明显偏高。(4)多数农民出游的主要限制因素还是可自由支配收入,而担心影响农业生产和不能照顾家庭也限制了中青年人外出旅游。     

Development and validation of the motivation to avoid food waste scale

Food waste is one of society’s biggest problems, with huge ecological, economic and social consequences. Hence, there is a necessity to derive a better insight in how consumers can be triggered to avoid food waste. Although it is generally known that motivations are important drivers of human behavior, limited attention has been paid to motivations in the food waste context and no viable measurement instrument exists that systematically takes into account the different motivations underlying the avoidance of food waste. Current scales related to food waste concern encompass attitude and awareness items only. The current paper aims to fill this gap and develops a 21-item Motivation to Avoid Food Waste (MAFW) scale. Since consumers may be driven by different motivations to avoid food waste, special attention is paid to the multidimensionality of food waste avoidance motivations. Specifically, the MAFW-scale consists of four motivations: environmental, moral, financial and social motivations. Three studies demonstrate the scale’s internal reliability, test-retest reliability, nomological validity, and predictive validity. The MAFW-scale fosters research into the genesis of consumers’ food waste behaviors, and can serve as a tool to segment and target (un)motivated consumers.     

Can Distrust Enhance Public Engagement? Insights From a National Survey on Energy Issues in Canada

Research examining the relationship between trust, public engagement, and natural resource management asserts that trust fosters positive behavior and enhanced cooperation. Yet some scholars are finding that certain kinds of distrust are helpful in achieving democratic outcomes by providing would-be participants with the motivation to engage in issues of public concern. This article seeks to clarify this apparent disjuncture in the trust literature by examining the multidimensional nature of trust as it relates to public engagement on energy-related issues in Canada. Based on a national online survey (n?=?3000) we use a binary probit model to explore the connections between trust, knowledge, and public engagement. About 70% of respondents had participated in at least one form of public engagement over the last 3 years. Drawing on a two-dimensional conception of trust, we find that general trust on its own is not positively linked to public engagement. A combination of general trust and skepticism, however, is positively associated with public engagement and confirms our hypothesis that at least some concern regarding credibility, bias, and vested interest can motivate public engagement. In this sense, trust is not uniformly good for public engagement. These results signal a need to further refine our assumptions about the relationship between public trust, public engagement and environmental governance.     

Climate variability and individual motivations for participating in political violence

Climate shocks are argued to affect the likelihood of conflict through individual economic outcomes that change the individual opportunity costs of participation in violent activities. Studies testing this proposition, however, either fail to answer convincingly because they use aggregated data, because they rely on observed controls and strong assumptions about variable independence, or because their study sample is restricted to particular conflicts. This article uses two rounds in Afrobarometer where respondents were asked about participation in politically motivated violence as well as how their living conditions had changed in the last year. To get around endogeneity problems, perceived changes in living conditions are instrumented using a standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index (SPEI). The study finds that participation in violence would, on average, have been more likely if an individual experienced a deterioration of living conditions than if it had not, in the subpopulation in Africa whose living conditions are affected by droughts.     

品牌旅游城市社会经济影响因素及形成分析

从中国省际旅游城市分布特征出发,重点分析各省份社会经济因素对热点旅游城市形成的影响。以优秀旅游城市为基础,旅游百强城市为对象,分析不同省份品牌旅游城市形成率的差异性,中东部地区品牌形成率较高,而西部边疆地区品牌形成率低。以各省份人口密度、人均GDP、交通区位和优秀城市数为关键指标构建品牌形成率系数方程,定量分析各因素对品牌形成率的影响,人均GDP和人口密度对品牌形成率的影响最大,边际贡献分别为0.37,0.32。优秀旅游城市、旅游百强城市和品牌形成率的省际差异表明,京津冀、长江三角洲、珠江三角洲构成中国旅游的地理枢纽。研究结果为通过外部区域社会经济发展促进品牌旅游城市建设提供事实依据,也为在实践上认识中国旅游的地理格局提供重要理论支撑。     

日本国民海外旅行信息来源及旅行动机影响因素研究——与国内旅行对比分析

日本一直是我国最重要的客源国之一,日本访华客源市场却处于缓慢的发展态势,在金融危机的影响下更是出现了负增长,因此,系统研究并开发日本客源市场不仅具经济意义,而且会对增进两国人民之间的了解,产生积极而深远的影响。文章以日本国内调查资料为基础,对日本海外旅行的信息来源、直接和间接影响的影响因素做了比较系统的研究,希望能增加对日本客源市场的了解。     

生活方式型移民研究综述

在经济比较发达以及后现代社会带来个人主体性增强的背景下,以寻找更好的生活方式的迁移——“生活方式型移民”成为一种重要的人口流动类型,并受到西方学者的高度关注。在中国,生活方式型移民开始萌芽,然而研究较少,目前主要集中在对生活方式型旅游企业主移民研究;西方的研究则涉及退休移民、生活方式型企业主移民等多种类型,但尚未形成完整的研究体系,对于生活方式型移民概念界定及其类型划分较为杂乱。为此,本文从现有文献出发,试图对这类移民的研究内容进行介绍、探讨、厘清和评析,首先确定“生活方式型移民”的概念框架,根据生产和消费在时间和空间上的结合状态将生活方式型移民划分为三种类型,并从社会交往、生活状态、旅游行为和自我认知等方面综述其迁移后的行为表现及由此产生的影响,希望借此促进中国学者对生活方式型移民的关注。     

基于《地理学报》创刊85年载文的中国交通地理学传承与发展

科学认知中国交通地理学的发展脉络和发展方向,促进与实践紧密结合的理论和技术创新,对完善学科建设和促进实践应用具有重要意义。以《地理学报》1934年创刊以来的交通地理论文为依据,厘清中国交通地理学的发展脉络,归纳学科发展的驱动力和趋势,以服务于学科建设。① 中国交通地理学的发展经历了探索阶段、初创阶段、体系形成阶段和稳定发展阶段,逐渐明确了自然—人文—技术交叉综合的应用学科性质,形成了突出的综合性研究特征,根据研究内容、交通方式和空间尺度确立了较为完善的学科体系;② 国家与区域发展需求是中国交通地理学发展的基本动力,数据与方法创新、学科交叉需求和国际理论引介对学科发展发挥了重要的推动作用;③ 中国交通地理学的发展具有人文、生态和技术相结合的前沿方向,未来有必要适时地调整学科体系和发展方向,以保持学科优势和竞争力。     

Problem-Oriented Learning in Geography Education: Construction of Motivating Problems

This article reports on the possibilities and challenges of starting problem-oriented learning in geography lessons. The article focuses on the features of motivating problems, because one of the essential functions of the problem to start with is to animate learners to solve it. The analysis of various introductions to problem-oriented learning of geographic topics in primary schools shows that generating a cognitive dissonance is highly suitable for inducing a desire to learn. As a motivating role relative to the problem, the helper and expert roles were seen as being ideal.     

基于职业特性驱动的旅游劳工转移比较研究

以九华山旅游劳工为实证研究对象,通过与西方学者在匈牙利和英国Somerset和Cov-entry的比较研究探讨了职业特性驱动的旅游劳工转移模式和转移动机。研究发现旅游劳工转移产业分布十分均衡宽广,产业转移模式与区域经济背景、劳工市场结构、职业地位及收益的差异密切相关。他们对从业感知评价都十分积极,三十种动机变量排序和因子分析表明,旅游劳工转移存在5种动机方向,增收机会和旅游职业积极特性是主要动力因子。九华山与匈牙利、英国Somerset和Coventry虽然经济社会背景相差较大,但旅游劳工在转移模式、感知评价、转移动机上表现出来许多共性特征,揭示了旅游职业的诸多特性。