Variability of soil moisture and its relationship with surface albedo and soil thermal parameters over the Loess Plateau

Data from July 2006 to June 2008 observed at SACOL(Semi-Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University,35.946°N,104.137°E,elev.1961 m),a semi-arid site in Northwest China,are used to study seasonal variability of soil moisture,along with surface albedo and other soil thermal parameters, such as heat capacity,thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity,and their relationships to soil moisture content.The results indicate that surface albedo decreases with increases in soil moisture content,s...     

Thermal fronts and cross-frontal heat flux in the southern Huanghai Sea and the East China Sea

Synoptic features in/around thermal fronts and cross-frontal heat fluxes in the southern Huanghai./Yellow Sea and East China Sea （HES） were examined using the data collected from four airborne expendable bathythermograph surveys with horizontal approxmately 35 km and vertical 1 m（from the surface to 400 m deep） spacings. Since the fronts are strongly affected by HES current system, the synoptic thermal features in/around them represent the interaction of currents with surrounding water masses. These features can not be obtained from climatological data. The identified thermal features are listed as follows ： （ 1 ） multiple boundaries of cold water, asymmetric thermocline intrusion, locally-split front by homogeneous water of approxmately 18 ℃, and mergence of the front by the Taiwan Warm Current in/around summertime southern Cheju - Changjiang/Yangtze front and Tsushima front; （2） springtime frontal eddy-like feature around Tsushima front; （3） year-round cyclonic meandering and summertime temperature-inversion at the bottom of the surface mixed layer in Cheju - Tsushima front; and （4） multistructure of Kuroshio front. In the Kuroshio front the mean variance of vertical temperature gradient is an order of degree smaller than that in other HES fronts. The southern Cheju- Changjiang front and Cheju -Tsushima front are connected with each other in the summer with comparable cross-frontal temperature gradient. However, cross-frontal heat flux and lateral eddy diffusivity are stronger in the southern Cheju - Changjiang front. The cross-frontal heat exchange is the largest in the mixing zone between the modified Huanghai Sea bottom cold water and the Tsushima Warm Current, which is attributable to enhanced thermocline intrusions.     

NaCl 溶液闪蒸效率特性数值研究

盐水闪蒸技术广泛应用于海水淡化及海洋温差能发电,含盐质量分数、给盐液温度和闪蒸压力对闪蒸汽化率和热效率有很大影响。在质量分数为3.5%～20%、给盐液温度为30～95℃和闪蒸压力为1～30 kPa的范围内,对NaCl溶液闪蒸汽化率和热效率等闪蒸效率特性进行了定量计算研究,研究得到了盐水含盐质量分数、给盐液温度和闪蒸压力对闪蒸汽化率以及热效率影响的规律。结果表明,降低含盐质量分数,提高给盐液温度,降低闪蒸压力可提高闪蒸汽化率与热效率;含盐质量分数越高,造成的热损失越大,而提高给盐液温度会增大热损失。     

“海翼号”水下滑翔机盐度数据的热滞后效应偏差订正方法探讨

水下滑翔机可以高效地观测海水的温度、盐度和压强等海洋参数,但由于热滞后效应,盐度数据,特别是在温度梯度较大的温跃层,会出现一定程度的偏差。本研究选取了3种目前常用的盐度热滞后订正方法,对带泵的“海翼号”水下滑翔机,于2019年8月在中北太平洋所观测的盐度数据因热滞后效应引起的偏差进行订正处理,与船载911型温盐深测量仪(Instrument for Measuring Conductivity Temperature and Depth,CTD)观测盐度进行对比,在比较了3种方法对滑翔机盐度订正前后下降和上升剖面偏差的减少程度、订正后剖面与船载CTD观测剖面的偏差大小和下降上升温盐曲线(T-S曲线)的一致程度后,得出了水下滑翔机盐度订正的最优方法,即在订正电导池中实际温度的前提下,采用计算机图形分割方法,最小化滑翔机机载CTD测得的下降和上升两个剖面T-S曲线围成面积所确定的目标函数,来确定合适的热滞后修正振幅和时间常数,从而修正下降和上升两个剖面之间盐度偏差。     

冷活性纤维素酶性质研究

对海洋嗜冷菌MB1所产冷活性纤维素酶的性质进行了研究。该酶最适反应温度为35℃,0℃时残余酶活约为20％,最适pH值为6．0,在pH5～7．5范围内酶活均较高。该酶对热敏感,50℃保温2h,残余酶活为15％;60℃时,酶完全失活。     

Teleportation and thermal entanglement in two-qubit Heisenberg XYZ spin chain with the Dzyaloshinski—Moriya interaction and the inhomogeneous magnetic field

This paper studies the average fidelity of teleportation and thermal entanglement for a two-qubit Heisenberg XYZ chain in the presence of both an inhomogeneous magnetic field and a Dzyaloshinski--Moriya interaction. It shows that for a fixed D_z, the increase of b_z will broaden the critical temperature at the cost of decreasing the thermal entanglement. And it can modulate the inhomogeneous magnetic field and the Dzyaloshinski--Moriya interaction for the average fidelity of teleportation to be optimal.     

热废水对大亚湾三种经济鱼类热效应的研究

对大亚湾3种重要经济鱼类包括黑鲷Sparusmacrocephalus、平鲷Rhabdosargussarba和细鳞Theraponjarbua的多项温度指标进行室内热效应模拟研究。结果表明：在驯化温度为25—33℃条件下,黑鲷、平鲷和细鳞3种鱼类的起始致死温度分别为34．96─36．42,34．78─35.62,38．75─39.39℃;最高起始致死温度分别为36.35,35.52℃和39.32℃;临界热最大值分别为38．08─40.50,38．28─40.40℃和42.40─43.64℃;最适生长温度分别为28,28℃和32℃;生长的最高周平均温度分别为30．78,30.51℃和34．44℃;短期暴露最高温度分别为34.04,33.57℃和37．90℃。根据黑鲷、平鲷和细鳞的多项温度指标,结合这些鱼类的生活习性分析和大亚湾基本环境特征的调查资料,就大亚湾核电站温排水对渔业资源影响的热效应问题进行初步探讨。     

影响AIN陶瓷热导率因素的研究

可用于海洋敏感器件封装的氮化铝陶瓷材料具有高的热导率特性,本文对它的热导率进行了实验研究。分析了影响烧结样品密度和热导率的因素。     

Genetic parameter estimation for juvenile growth and upper thermal tolerance in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus Linnaeus)

Twenty-six half-sib groups(53 full-sib families) of turbot, Scophthalmus maximus Linnaeus, were obtained by artificial insemination. We measured growth in the offspring(40–50 individuals/family) and subjected them to a thermal tolerance challenge over a period of 34 d. There was no significant difference in daily mortality(range: 0.580%–1.391%) between Days 1–13 during the thermal tolerance challenge. However, daily cumulative mortality increased rapidly between Days 14 and 29, especially on Days 15 and 16(20.232% and 34.377%, respectively). Mortality was highest on Day 16(14.145%). We estimated the genetic parameters using the average information restricted maximum likelihood method. We used a likelihood ratio test to evaluate the significance of effects in models with and without identity as an effect, and compared the final log-likelihoods(maximum log L). Lastly, we estimated phenotypic and genetic correlation between the upper thermal tolerance limit(UTT) and body weight(BW). In this study, the positive phenotypic correlation was low between UTT and BW(0.093±0.029). The genetic correlation between UTT and BW was negative(-0.044±0.239). The heritability for upper thermal tolerance was low(0.087±0.032), which is of approximately moderate heritability. The heritability for body weight was high(0.303±0.074). Our results suggest there is significant potential for improvement in the culture of turbot by selective breeding.