地震监测台网的最佳理论设置初探

本文所讨论的问题是在一个平面区域Ｄ内应如何设置地震监视台，使在该区域内任何一点发生地震，在距震源５０公里的圆周内，至少有４个地震台可监视地震情况，而且使区域Ｄ内设置的地震监视台个数最少．这里，首先对Ｄ为一有界闭区域，给出了在Ｄ内设置的地震监视台个数的下界，并且讨论了Ｄ为半径为５０的圆盘时，地震监视台的下确界以及地震台设置的设计方案．进而又讨论了当Ｄ为半径为５０ｋ公里时（ｋ＝２，３，……）时应设置地震台个数的下界．     

The optimum source－time function for generating finite－difference synthetic seismograms

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Ray parameters of diffracted long period P and S waves and the velocities at the base of the mantle

The derivation of P and S velocities at the core-mantle boundary (CMB) from long-period diffracted waves by the use of the simple ray-theoretical formulav _CMB=r _c /p (v _CMB=velocity at the CMB;r _c =core radius;p=ray parameter) yields apparent velocity values which differ from the true velocities. Using a dominant period of about 20 sec for calculating theoretical seismograms, we found a linear relation between the apparent velocity and the average velocity in a transition zone at the base of the mantle with fixed velocity on top.The ray parameters determined from long-period earthquake data are found to be 4.540±0.035 and 8.427±0.072 sec/deg for P_diff and S_diff, respectively. These values yield apparent velocities of 13.378±0.103 for P and 7.207±0.062 km/sec for S waves. By means of the theoretical relation between apparent and average velocity and under the assumption of linear variation of velocity with depth, one can invert the apparent velocities into true CMB velocities of 13.736±0.170 and 7.320±0.124 km/sec. These results imply positive velocity gradients at the base of the mantle and hence no significant departures from adiabaticity and homogeneity.Contribution No. 211 of the Geophysical Institute, University of Karlsruhe.     

A comparison of the reflectivity method and full wave theory as applied to SH diffraction around the core

Summary To derive the structure of the Lower Mantle, observations of P and S waves at epicentral distances beyond 90 degrees have been used. The arrival times and amplitude decay with distance proved to be a source of information to derive the structure near the core-mantle interface. These observations were compared with results of theoretical calculations based on full wave theory [1, 2, 5, 6]. Another important theoretical method is the reflectivity method [4]. Differences between the two methods have a direct bearing on the interpretation of the observations and therefore need to be investigated.In the two methods the wave propagation involved in diffraction is simulated in different ways. In this paper the importance of approximations involved in each of the methods will be discussed. For this purpose the calculation of the frequency-dependent decay with distance of diffracted SH waves has been chosen. The approximations are considered to be important both in P and SH diffraction. The advantage of studying SH waves is the simpler and more straightforward formulation.     

气象部门人事管理岗位培训需求研究

干部教育培训是干部队伍建设的先导性、基础性、战略性工程。加强气象部门人事管理岗位培训需求研究,对于提高气象部门组织人事工作水平具有重要意义。文章引入气象培训需求分析模型,从战略和组织分析、任务分析、人员分析、人口统计分析和区域差异分析五个方面进行培训需求分析,探索建立了气象部门人事管理岗位培训需求要素体系,为培训提供相关建议。     

2-D Crustal Velocity Structure Along Hirapur-Mandla Profile in Central India: An Update

The 2-D crustal velocity model along the Hirapur-Mandla DSS profile across the Narmada-Son lineament in central India (Murty et al., 1998) has been updated based on the analysis of some short and discontinuous seismic wide-angle reflection phases. Three layers, with seismic velocities of 6.5–6.7, 6.35–6.40 and 6.8 km s^–1, and upper boundaries located approximately at 8, 17 and 22 km depth respectively, have been identified between the basement (velocity 5.9 km s^–1) and the uppermost mantle (velocity 7.8 km s^–1). The layer with 6.5–6.7 km s^–1 velocity is thin and is less than 2-km deep between the Narmada north (at Katangi) and south (at Jabalpur) faults. The upper crust shows a horst feature between these faults, which indicates that the Narmada zone acts as a ridge between two pockets of mafic intrusion in the upper crust. The Moho boundary, at 40–44 km depth and the intra-crustal layers exhibit an upwarp suggesting that the Narmada faults have deep origins, involving deep-seated tectonics. A smaller intrusive thickness between the Narmada faults, as compared to those beyond these faults, suggests that the intrusive activities on the two sides are independent. This further suggests that the two Narmada faults may have been active at different geological times. The seismic model is constrained by 2-D gravity modeling. The gravity highs on either side of the Narmada zone are due to the effect of the high velocity/high density mafic intrusion at upper crustal level.     

Hydrogen absorption lines in the cosmic microwave background spectrum

We have calculated the intensities of the subordinate hydrogen lines formed during the recombination epoch at redshifts 800?z?1600. We show that an allowance for the angular momentum splitting of hydrogen atomic energy levels and the dipole transition selection rules can reveal absorption features in the cosmic microwave background recombination spectrum in the submillimeter wavelength range.     

堤防工程安全评估中几个问题的探讨

在对国内外有关堤防工程安全评估研究工作调查的基础上,针对目前堤防工程的管理现状和发展前景,从堤防工程安全评价的含义、影响堤防工程安全的主要因素、影响因素的量化处理和权系数的选择、评估指标集的选取等几个方面对影响堤防工程安全评估进行了系统的探讨,并对堤防实时监测工作的几个环节给予了讨论。在此基础上初步形成了堤防工程安全评估的理论体系。