Implementation of DSC model and application for analysis of field pile tests under cyclic loading

The disturbed state concept (DSC) model, and a new and simplified procedure for unloading and reloading behavior are implemented in a nonlinear finite element procedure for dynamic analysis for coupled response of saturated porous materials. The DSC model is used to characterize the cyclic behavior of saturated clays and clay–steel interfaces. In the DSC, the relative intact (RI) behavior is characterized by using the hierarchical single surface (HISS) plasticity model; and the fully adjusted (FA) behavior is modeled by using the critical state concept. The DSC model is validated with respect to laboratory triaxial tests for clay and shear tests for clay‐steel interfaces. The computer procedure is used to predict field behavior of an instrumented pile subjected to cyclic loading. The predictions provide very good correlation with the field data. They also yield improved results compared to those from a HISS model with anisotropic hardening, partly because the DSC model allows for degradation or softening and interface response. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种遥感信息服务分类本体构建方法

在分析遥感信息服务的领域特征及其概念的事件名词特点的基础上,结合框架语义学理论,提出了基于事件框架提取遥感信息服务概念的语义特征并在此基础上利用形式概念分析构建遥感信息服务分类本体的方法。实验结果表明了此方法的有效性。     

地理信息科学方法论的理论体系研究

地理信息科学是地理学的一个分支,其方法论研究受到科学哲学和地理学方法论的指导,同时也从大量的该学科研究成果、工程项目和软硬件产品中提炼的案例中总结和归纳而来。本文在本学科的时代需求和国家前瞻布局的背景下开展研究。首先阐述了地理信息科学方法论的哲学观和实用观,提出了研究中应该处理好的六个关系;其次,建立了方法论的结构体系,由地理信息本体论、六个科学方法和七个技术方法组成;再次,分析和论证了地理信息的本体特征及其与方法论的关系,最后讨论了地理信息科学方法论的创新机制和策略。     

On Minerogenetic Series: The Third Discussion

The minerogenetic (or metallogenetic) series of mineral deposits (called minerogenetic series for short) is an academic idea (concept) of studying minerogenetic characteristics in mineral deposit geology. It uses the views of systematology and mobilism to study mineralizing processes and naturally occurring mineral deposit assemblages formed in various stages of geological development in specific tectonic environments. The minerogenetic series is also a natural classification of mineral deposits. There are five hierarchical orders in the classification, with the minerogenetic series as the basic order and the core. The first order includes three categories: minerogenetic series association, minerogenetic series type, and minerogenetic series group. The second is the minerogenetic series, which is decomposed into three orders, i.e. the third, fourth, and fifth orders. The third is the minerogenetic subseries, the fourth is mineral deposit models (types), and the fifth is mineral deposits. Minerogenetic series is comparable to a certain extent metallogenic systems both in the research content and in their own research content. The study of minerogenetic series has both great theoretical significance and practical value for mineral prospecting. However, the study is still in its initial stage and a further study remains to be conducted.     

长河坝—黄金坪水库区域地震台网监测能力分析

位于四川省甘孜藏族自治州康定市内大渡河干流的长河坝-黄金坪水电站,为大渡河流域开发中,以长河坝、大岗山、瀑布沟等形成主要梯级格局开发方案中,"三库22级"水电站中的第10和11级电站,其地震监测台网也采用梯级设计方式,长河坝-黄金坪上下游水库地震监测台网统一设计、建设及监测,共享同一地震监测能力。通过对监测设备的技术指标、台基地噪声水平和震级-频度对数关系的分析,结果表明,长河坝-黄金坪水库区域地震固定台站建成后,地震监测能力达到并优于设计的理论监测能力,地震监测震级达到下限为M_L 0.5的设计要求。     

Disturbed state model for sand–geosynthetic interfaces and application to pull-out tests

Successful numerical simulation of geosynthetic-reinforced earth structures depends on selecting proper constitutive models for soils, geosynthetics and soil–geosynthetic interfaces. Many constitutive models are available for modelling soils and geosynthetics. However, constitutive models for soil–geosynthetic interfaces which can capture most of the important characteristics of interface response are not readily available. In this paper, an elasto-plastic constitutive model based on the disturbed state concept (DSC) for geosynthetic–soil interfaces has been presented. The proposed model is capable of capturing most of the important characteristics of interface response, such as dilation, hardening and softening. The behaviour of interfaces under the direct shear test has been predicted by the model. The present model has been implemented in the finite element procedure in association with the thin-layer element. Five pull-out tests with two different geogrids have been simulated numerically using FEM. For the calibration of the constitutive models used in FEM, the standard laboratory tests used are: (1) triaxial tests for the sand, (2) direct shear tests for the interfaces and (3) axial tension tests for the geogrids. The results of the finite element simulations of pull-out tests agree well with the test data. The proposed model can be used for the stress-deformation study of geosynthetic-reinforced embankments through numerical simulation. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

深部开采底板隔水关键层受局部高承压水作用破坏理论分析

大量实测地质资料与防治水实践证实,深部煤层开采底板含水层存在大量的局部高承压水区域,在强开采扰动下极易诱发底板突水灾害。基于“下三带”、“关键层”理论,将局部高承压水与底板隔水关键层简化为圆筒力学模型,分析研究隔水关键层在局部高承压水作用下的屈服破坏机制,得到了隔水关键层发生屈服的4个临界水压值公式;对各临界水压值进行区间划分,分析不同区间隔水关键层的屈服状态,确定了局部高承压水致使隔水关键层屈服破坏两个阶段的水压判据平衡方程,得出了奥陶系顶部岩层作为隔水关键层剩余隔水能力的计算表达式,并反演得到了开采深度上限、下限公式。结合九龙矿深部开采实际,对所建力学模型进行了验证与应用,进而提出了防止局部高承压水致灾的相关措施,对实现深部煤层安全带压开采具有重要的理论指导意义。     

A proposal for the theoretical analysis of the interactive coupled effects between urbanization and the eco-environment in mega-urban agglomerations

Mega-urban agglomerations are strategic core areas for national economic development and the main regions of new urbanization. They also have important roles in shifting the global economic center of gravity to China. However, the development of mega-urban agglomerations has triggered the interactive coercion between resources and the eco-environment. The interactive coupled effects between urbanization and the eco-environment in mega-urban agglomerations represent frontier and high-priority research topics in the field of Earth system science over the next decade. In this paper, we carried out systematic theoretical analysis of the interactive coupling mechanisms and coercing effects between urbanization and the eco-environment in mega-urban agglomerations. In detail, we analyzed the nonlinear-coupled relationships and the coupling characteristics between natural and human elements in mega-urban agglomerations. We also investigated the interactive coercion intensities between internal and external elements, and the mechanisms and patterns of local couplings and telecouplings in mega-urban agglomeration systems, which are affected by key internal and external control elements. In addition, we proposed the interactive coupling theory on urbanization and the eco-environment in mega-urban agglomerations. Furthermore, we established a spatiotemporal dynamic coupling model with multi-element, multi-scale, multi-scenario, multi-module and multi-agent integrations, which can be used to develop an intelligent decision support system for sustainable development of mega-urban agglomerations. In general, our research may provide theoretical guidance and method support to solve problems related to mega-urban agglomerations and maintain their sustainable development.     

张衡地动仪（1）：诞生的历史

The emergence of Zhang Heng＇s seismoscope has a profound historical background. This paper intends to explore the formation and material basis of Zhang Heng＇s scientific thought. It appears that the simple intention of ＂observing visions and distinguishing good fortune or misfortune＂ was his motivation to develop the seismoscope. Tracing its historical background, the authors proposed in this paper that the development of this seismoscope started around 128 A.D., and based on perceptual knowledge, two ideas about earthquakes came into being, i. e. , earthquake location could be judged according to the instrument shaking direction, and the earthquake and earth split were essentially different. In the instrument manufacture, Zhang Heng advocated a principle of ＂making utensils to imitate cosmos ＂. By this principle, the following three problems were readily solved： the seismoscope imitated the response of the suspension system to earthquakes （ i.e. natural seismoscope） . Technically, the trigger mechanism of the latch was used for reference, and it recorded the physical evidence of earthquake occurrence by an ingenious way of a ball dropping from a dragon＇s mouth. The solution of these three key problems lead to the emergence of the seismoscope in 132 A.D. and the successful detection of an earthquake in 134 A.D. His invention deepened humanity＇s knowledge of natural laws, and promoted the development of science and technology in that time and later.     

现代地球化学的理论思维结构

地球科学和地球化学的进展,不但加深和扩大了对地球的认识和理论成果,同时也总结提炼出了全新的科学思维方法。复杂性理论和系统思维是科学认识论的一次飞跃。现代地球化学建立了较完整的理论和方法体系,给地质科学认知地球提供了依据和支撑。作者论证了系统思维和逻辑演绎法相结合的思维方式,是研究和认识地球复杂巨系统以及推动地球科学理论创新的指导思想,并提出了运用现代地球化学理论构架和方法体系,综合地球科学系统思维与逻辑思维相结合方向的地球化学认知模型,为深入研究地球物质能量系统的行为和解决人类面临的资源、环境和灾害问题提供新的思路。