基于卫星遥感的鲁西北季节性风沙化土地研究

文章对鲁西北地区季节性风沙化土地的分布、特征及近20年来的演变做了初步的分析，阐述了该地区风沙化土地的成因及其危害，在肯定已有治沙成绩的基础上，就如何合理利用和改造这些土地提出了合理布局农田林网、地一步完善农田水利设施等意见和建议。     

衡阳市生态环境现状及其改善对策

资源的不合理开发利用导致衡阳生态环境严重恶化。加强生态环境保护与建设对衡阳乃至湖南的可持续发展具有重要的意义。在分析衡阳市资源开发存在问题及其主要原因的基础上j探讨了在资源开发中建立可持续发展的良性生态环境的途径和措施，指出了要发展生态产业、开展生态环境的保护和建设，必须大力实施生态农业、生态林业、生态能源、生态旅游等生态经济工程，从而为衡阳市经济建设莫定坚实的生态可持续发展基础。     

海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷的油气运聚分析

海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷是一个以白垩系沉积为主的陆相断陷区。采用条件分析法,对贝尔凹陷的油气运聚条件及其成藏的基本模式进行了系统研究,认为,贝尔凹陷在剖面上有3套成藏组合,其中中部成藏组合最佳;在平面上可分为5个运聚系统,其中以位于凹陷西北部的3个系统为最佳。该凹陷不同构造部位的运聚条件相差较大,生烃洼陷深部位的油气运移以砂岩储集层和断裂为主要输导通道,构造高部位的油气运移以断裂为主,而两者之间的油气输导则以不整合面和断裂为主。在油气运聚和成藏模式分析的基础上,认为贝尔凹陷油气运聚的有利条件主要包括生油凹陷有充足的油源、生油区内有继承性发育的圈闭构造以及各运聚要素间存在良好的时空配置关系3个方面。     

五里冲水库--治理和利用喀斯特溶洞的范例

滇南蒙自五里冲水库，系充分利用盲谷地形、地下隐蔽喀斯特大厅、地下暗河等自然条件，扬长避短，通过明堵暗灌、高压灌浆、构建防渗帷募等特殊综合工程手段建造的无大坝型水库。该区地质情况复杂，喀斯特十分发育，先后投入大量钻探、平硐及基础地质调查工作量，采和合适的防漏、防渗工程。1996年竣工下闸蓄水后水位持续上升，达到设计要求，为蒙自工农业经济发展提供条件，亦为在我国南方复杂喀斯特地区构建大、中型水库闯出新路。     

Mechanisms of riverbank failure along the Arno River,central Italy

Riverbanks along the Arno River have been investigated with the aims of de?ning the main mechanisms of failure and retreat, their spatial distribution, and their causes. Geomorphological aspects were investigated by a reconnaissance of riverbank processes, for a number (26) of representative sites. Laboratory and in situ tests were then performed on a selected number of riverbanks (15). Based on the material characteristics, six main typologies of riverbanks have been de?ned, with homogeneous ?ne‐grained and composite banks representing the most frequent types. Slab‐type failures are the most frequent mechanism observed on ?ne‐grained banks, while cantilever failures prevail on composite banks. The role of river stage and related pore water pressure distributions in triggering the main observed mechanisms of failure has been investigated using two different types of stability analysis. The ?rst was conducted for 15 riverbanks, using the limit equilibrium method and considering simpli?ed hypotheses for pore water pressure distribution (annulment of negative pore pressures in the portion of the bank between low water stage and peak stage). Stability conditions and predicted mechanisms of failure are shown to be in reasonably good agreement with ?eld observations. Three riverbanks, representative of the main alluvial reaches of the river, were then selected for a more detailed bank stability analysis, consisting of: (a) de?nition of characteristic hydrographs of the reach with different return periods; (b) modelling of saturated and unsaturated ?ow using ?nite element seepage analysis; and (c) stability analysis with the limit equilibrium method, by adopting pore water pressure values derived from the seepage analysis. The results are compared to those obtained from the previous simpli?ed analysis, and are used to investigate the different responses, in terms of stability, to different hydrological and riverbank conditions. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

无拓扑矢量数据快速压缩算法的研究与实现

首先论述传统矢量数据压缩算法：道格拉斯—普克法，分析将其应用于多边形边界数据压缩所造成的图形失真现象，在此基础上提出一种针对无拓扑矢量数据的快速压缩算法，并在MapInfo环境中实现该算法。     

千兆网支持下的城市公众GIS

当前GIS技术的发展已经进入到一个新的阶段,呈现出网络化、专业化、智能化、大众化等特点。公众GIS是近年来新兴的GIS应用领域,它主要的目的是面向公众提供信息服务。介绍了城市公众GIS的基本概念、特点和系统功能,在分析了当前公众GIS存在的问题之后,继而提出一种适合宽带网络(千兆以太网)支持下的公众GIS系统结构,并进一步分析了它的功能和用途。     

STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NIUSHOU MOUNTAIN AND ITS GEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE IN CENTRAL NINGXIA

There are many thrust-related structures occurring in the Paleozoic strata of the Niushou Mountain in the central part of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. The fault-related folds are the typical structures in this area. Based on the analysis about these structures and their relationships, the processes by which these structures of the Miboshan Formation were formed are reconstructed, and the strata underwent about three stages of deformation: (1) horizontal shortening, (2) folding, and (3) thrusting. And the fact that the Niushou Mountain is the leading edge of an old thrust sheet was proved, the Niushou Mountain, the Daluo Mountain and the Xiaoluo Mountain together constitute the front part of this old thrust zone, so the Niushou Mountain and the Ordovician strata in the central and southern parts of Ningxia now are likely allochthons. In the period from middle Ordovician to Devonian, the areas of the central and southern Ningxia belonged to the back-arc foreland basin of North Qilianshan orogen, which was adjacent to the continent in the north. In the later part of the early Paleozoic period, the Niushou Mountain was formed after the closure of the back-arc foreland basin.     

兴山县龙王嘴边坡稳定性分析与加固设计

龙王嘴边坡系坡高达70 m、坡角达70 °的高陡岩质边坡。分析了宜-秭公路石峡段龙王嘴高边坡变形的地质条件,在定量评价龙王嘴高边坡稳定性的基础上,进行了该高边坡的施工图加固设计。根据其特点将350 m长的坡段分为A,B,C三个区,分别采取预应力锚索与锚杆加固、挂网喷射混凝土支护和喷射混凝土支护等措施,实践证明,工程治理效果良好。     

Late Pliocene to late Pleistocene environments preserved at the Palisades Site, central Yukon River, Alaska

The Palisades Site is an extensive silt-loam bluff complex on the central Yukon River preserving a nearly continuous record of the last 2 myr. Volcanic ash deposits present include the Old Crow (OCt; 140,000 yr), Sheep Creek (SCt; 190,000 yr), PA (2.02 myr), EC (ca. 2 myr), and Mining Camp (ca. 2 myr) tephras. Two new tephras, PAL and PAU, are geochemically similar to the PA and EC tephras and appear to be comagmatic. The PA tephra occurs in ice-wedge casts and solifluction deposits, marking the oldest occurrence of permafrost in central Alaska. Three buried forest horizons are present in association with dated tephras. The uppermost forest bed occurs immediately above the OCt; the middle forest horizon occurs below the SCt. The lowest forest bed occurs between the EC and the PA tephras, and correlates with the Dawson Cut Forest Bed. Plant taxa in all three peats are common elements of moist taiga forest found in lowlands of central Alaska today. Large mammal fossils are all from common late Pleistocene taxa. Those recovered in situ came from a single horizon radiocarbon dated to ca. 27,000 ¹⁴C yr B.P. The incongruous small mammal assemblage in that horizon reflects a diverse landscape with both wet and mesic environments.