A preliminary study of carbon system in the East China Sea

In the central part of the East China Sea, the activity of CO₂ in the surface water and total carbonate, pH and alkalinity in the water column were determined in winter and autumn of 1993. The activity of CO₂ in the continental shelf water was about 50 ppm lower than that of surface air. This decrease corresponds to the absorption of about 40 gC/m²/yr of atmospheric CO₂ in the coastal zone or 1 GtC/yr in the global continental shelf, if this rate is applicable to entire coastal seas. The normalized total carbonate contents were higher in the water near the coast and near the bottom. This increase toward the bottom may be due to the organic matter deposited on the bottom. This conclusion is supported by the distribution of pH. The normalized alkalinity distribution also showed higher values in the near-coast water, but in the surface water, indicating the supply of bicarbonate from river water. The residence time of the East China Sea water, including the Yellow Sea water, has been calculated to be about 0.8 yr from the excess alkalinity and the alkalinity input. Using this residence time and the excess carbonate, we can estimate that the amount of dissolved carbonate transported from the coastal zone to the oceanic basin is about 70 gC/m²/yr or 2 GtC/yr/area-of-global-continental-shelf. This also means that the rivers transport carbon to the oceans at a rate of 30 gC/m²/yr of the coastal sea or 0.8 GtC/yr/ area-of-global shelf, the carbon consisting of dissolved inorganic carbonate and terrestrial organic carbon decomposed on the continental shelf.     

协方差阵二次型容许估计的一个必要条件

研究协方差阵Σ的二次型容许估计问题。设 y1,y2 ,… ,yniid,n≥ 2 ,y1与 p维正态分布N (β,Σ )有相同的前四阶矩。其中β =(β1,β2 ,… ,βp)′∈ Rp与Σ =(σij) p× p >0均未知。记 y =△ (y1,y2 ,… ,yn)′。在二次损失 L (d ,Σ ) =tr(d -Σ) 2下给出Σ的二次型估计 a S2 + nby-y-′是容许估计的必要条件为 :(n - 1) a + b + 2 max(a,b)≤ 1。此必要条件比张立振等协方差阵的二次型容许估计中的必要条件有了明显的加强     

北黄海盆地区域地质特征

北黄海盆地位于黄海的北部，由于勘探程度低，研究投入少，使得它成为我国迄今为止尚未发现油气的惟一海区。随着我国在南黄海盆地和朝鲜在北黄海盆地东部发现油气，如何实现北黄海盆地油气突破，成为我们研究的焦点。结合该区现有资料和前人研究成果，对北黄海盆地的地球物理场和地质构造特征进行了全面的论述，并在此基础上，对该区油气资源远景作了初步评价。     

Experimental activities that intentionally perturb the marine environment: Implications for the marine environmental protection and marine scientific research provisions of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

The global community's ability to assess the environmental effects of marine scientific research (MSR) as required by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea's (UNCLOS) marine environment provisions (MEP) is limited, as shown by experimental activities that intentionally manipulate the marine environment. Such work enhances knowledge of the ocean, but it may also have significant environmental effects. This growing use of the ocean as a laboratory has global scientific, environmental, legal and policy implications. Examined here is the relationship between the MSR and the MEP provisions of UNCLOS. International, science-driven guidelines are proposed.     

杭州湾乍浦断面潮流分布特征

根据2000年9月在杭州湾乍浦断面设置的8个潮流同步观测站的资料,对该断面潮流分布特征进行了分析和探讨,结果表明:该断面大潮涨急时呈现两个大流速核;断面南部的流速要比北部的大,涨潮流速大于落潮流速。这对了解杭州湾水文特征有着一定意义,同时为杭州湾跨海大桥的设计建设提供参考。     

化学生态调控对鳌山湾氮磷营养盐的影响

鳌山湾,是一个营养类型特殊的海湾,湾中基本无径流输入,呈“C”字形,封闭性较强,水较浅,湾内主要有筏式扇贝养殖和底播贝类养殖,沿岸有滩涂池塘养殖.根据1996年11月至1998年5月的调查结果得知,鳌山湾海域为贫营养海域[1,2].为探讨贫营养海域进行化学生态调控的可能性,利用鳌山湾的封闭性,根据其水交换规律[3],于1999年6月首次对鳌山湾进行了全湾规模较大的化学生态调控试验,旨在有效提高鳌山湾的营养水平,为今后在贫营养海域合理发展海水养殖业提供科学依据,获得了十分理想的效果.     

黄河三角洲河道沉积规律研究Ⅱ. 建林边滩沉积作用机理

通过对建林边滩沉积物粒度分布、粒度参数及水体流变性质的分析，阐述了黄河三角洲上河道水流属于牵引流范畴，与低含沙水流无本质上的差别，并探讨沉积物搬运和沉积的基本特征。     

North Pacific Subtropical Mode Waters Observed in Long XBT Cross Sections along 32.5°N Line

The S/V Shoyo, of the Hydrographic Department, Japan Coast Guard, has conducted high-density expendable bathythermograph (XBT) measurements along the 32.5°N line in the North Pacific every year from 1990 to 1993 as a part of the Japanese-World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE). These XBT data are analyzed here, focusing on year-to-year variations of the inventory and core layer temperature (CLT) of the North Pacific subtropical mode water (NPSTMW). Large year-to-year changes are found in the NPSTMW CLTs estimated in longitudes between 140°E and 160°E. CLT values were found of 17.4°C in 1990, 17.1°C in 1991, 17.3°C in 1992 and 17.6°C in 1993. Inspection of the wintertime westerlies over the formation area and sea surface temperature distribution revealed that this change in CLT can be qualitatively attributed to the strength of atmospheric cooling in the formation area in the previous winter. Although a large year-to-year variation of NPSTMW inventory was also found, it is hard to state any relationship between CLT and atmospheric forcing. There is a possibility that different observational seasons may affect the inventory. It has also been found that the thermocline depth in 1991 was shallower in the sea area east of 180° than in 1992 and 1993. Associated with this change, the North Pacific central mode water (NPCMW), characterized by thermostad with temperatures ranging from 14°C to 11°C, appears in the sea area east of 180° in the 1992 and 1993 cross sections. The 1993 cross section, which ranged from the Japanese coast to the west coast of North America, possessed another thermostad in the surface layer, with a temperature of about 17°C in the eastern part of the cross section, off California. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

北部湾三维风生流及密度流模拟

将Casulli差分格式引入三维物理海洋模型计算，模拟了北部湾风生流及密度流。模拟结果表明，夏季西南季风在北部湾导致一个顺时针环流，夏季海水密度梯度导致一个逆时针方向的环流，密度流明显强于风生流；冬季东北寒潮导致一个逆时针环流。模拟结果不支持北部湾夏季为一顺时针环流、冬季为逆时针环流的传统结论，而支持终年为逆时针环流的观点。     

稳定同位素在天然气水合物地球化学勘查中的应用简介--以"布莱克海隆"海区为例

介绍了国外在布莱克海隆（包括ODP164航次994、995、997站位）进行天然气水合物勘查过程中应用稳定同位素的研究实例；通过对这3个站位样品的甲烷、CO2、DIC（dissolved inorganic carbon)、有机碳以及自生碳酸盐的δ^13C分析，指出浅部（0－30m)甲烷和DIC的δ^13C值随深度迅速降低又迅速升高的变化可以作为天然气水合物存在的地球化学指标。994站位孔隙水δ^18O值深度从0.30‰下降到-0.37‰；氢同位素δD随深度略有下降（从11‰到-12‰），这与水合物形成时氢氧重同位素相对富集于固相有关，表明天然气水合物的存在。997站位δ^37Cl从海底沉积物表层以下30m处为接近海水的最大值0，至钻孔底746.85m处降为-3.68‰，可能也与天然气水合物的形成有关。