山东半岛城市群交通网络载流能力评估与优化研究

在总结城市群交通网络运输方式多元化、交通节点等级化、结构运行高效化等基本特征的基础上,本文基于GIS空间分析平台构建了城市群交通网络载流模型（Traffic Network Flow-carrying Model, TNFM）,以山东半岛城市群为研究案例区,综合评价和对比了交通网络及各类型交通线路的理论与实际载流能力,得出各行政单元交通线路的缺口指数,并据此提出城市群交通网络的优化与提升方案。研究结果表明：TNFM模型可以有效地评价城市群交通网络的载流能力并得出各行政单元和道路类型的缺口里程,为城市群交通体系规划提供科学依据;山东半岛城市群国道、省道和铁路建设不足,部分城市主干道分流不畅,60%的县市存在各级道路短缺,但高铁和县乡道可以满足载流需求;未来应重点加强上述4类交通线路的建设,完善交通线路间的接口系统,充分发挥高铁和县道的分流作用。     

论2020年我国国土规划的基本目标

国土规划是国家从空间侧面进行宏观经济调控的重要手段，其主作用在于促进国土全面、均衡、合理利用。我国２０２０年国土规划的基本目标应为：均衡化国土利用格局基本形成；较大幅度提高居民生活的综合环境质量和舒适程度；建成高效、资源节约型国民经济体系格局，基本进入传统资源消费“零增长”阶段。     

我国华北地区水分条件的讨论

分析了把土壤水计算在内,我国南北地区水分条件都能满足当地农业生产的需要,北方缺水远没有一些文献上所说的严重,由于人口急增,工业与城市化的发展,北方水荒更为严重,但仍能通过生产的调整以及生态与工程措施就地解决,不一定需要东、中线的南水北调.     

"数字国土"在"数字地球"中的地位及其模型探讨

建立“数字国土”是“数字地球”计划在国土资源领域的个体体现,借鉴点源信息系统的研究成果和“多”技术集成化研究基础,阐明“多Ｓ”技术集成的点源信息系统技术是“数字国土”的支撑技术,并构建了“数字国土”模型。     

Political ecology, territoriality and scale

This essay serves as an introduction to this theme issue of GeoJournal and provides a framework for the contributed papers. Territoriality and scale, the essay argues, offer key analytics in approaching the spatiality of the ecological existence of human and non-human beings in their common `house' (oikos), thus of culture-nature relations generally. Such a focus, it bears emphasis, need not reproduce a naturalization of the modern culture-nature binary, but could, as is argued, remind `we moderns' that there is not only one nature (as little as there is only one culture), but a plurality of natures, which can serve the most varied of purposes. However, these spatialities do usually not and can very often not correspond to the spatialities of human activities, particularly to the territorialities and their orders/structures of scale in politico-administrative activities. The scalar literature within political geography, however, has for the most part seen its role as addressing human social relations in its analysis of contestations over power, space, and territory. A political ecology of scale, by contrast, will of necessity need to broaden the terrain of that discussion to include a variety of actors, human and non-human, involved in this broader network. Environmental conservation offers an important illustration of this problematic. A territorial, scalar, and non-modern understanding of ecological regimes is neccesary, argues this essay and the bundle of case studies that follow, because there is no `conservation' outside of a particular politics and geography of ecology.     

What makes territory important: tangible and intangible dimensions

Conflicts over territory have resulted in innumerable wars and other violent incidents, but the reasons that some territory is more highly valued or volatile than other areas may not be obvious. This paper demonstrates a taxonomy for analyzing international territorial disputes that seeks to capture their tangible and symbolic dimensions and to weigh them as the international community might. Twenty-six territorial disputes, including offshore areas and separatist issues, were examined and scored according to 15 criteria for objective prominence and 7 criteria related to how a country might view the dispute in terms of its national interest. The taxonomy used Saaty’s Analytic Hierarchy Process to identify tangible and intangible properties, measure their interrelations, and produce intermediate and overall ranks. Each dispute was evaluated for prominence by examining intensifying (symbolic) factors, measures of magnitude, and characteristics that retard resolution. The magnitude of a dispute was judged to contribute the most to overall prominence, having twice the weight of the other two factors. The top five disputes in terms of prominence were the Kurdish issue, Kashmir, Tibet, Nagorno-Karabakh, and Xinjiang. The second hierarchy evaluated the disputes from the perspective of an international actor, in this case the United States. When judged by U.S. national interest, the most important factors were the deployment of U.S. forces in the claimant countries and if one of the claimants were a U.S. ally. Finally, the results from the two hierarchies were compared.     

NOAA AVHRR云标识技术的应用分析

中国农情遥感速报系统对每日的NOAA AVHRR进行定量处理，其中用CLAVR方法进行云标识。本文选择三景不同地区的NOAA AVHRR影像，分析评价CLAVR方法云标识的效果和各个步骤的标识能力，以及空间上的差异，并根据运行经验，对CLAVR方法的部分参数进行了调整，使其更加适应中国大陆的情况。总体上，CLAVR方法标识干净像元和云污染像元的准确性较高，而在标识混合像元时稍差。其中RGCT、RUT、TUT和C3AT的检出率占总检出率89．2％以上，并在不同的地区，不同步骤的贡献度不一致，也说明了云相变化随区域不同而变化。     

中国自然灾害的空间分布特征

中国自然灾害的分布以秦岭－淮河线、胡焕庸线以及青藏高原外缘为界，可划分为四个大区，即北域、南域、西域和过滤带亚域。以灾害的单位面积失论，黄淮海地区是我国重点灾区，另一个重点区位于川、滇、黔、桂交界地段，它以人员的伤亡而突出。如果以灾害发生的总经济损定义灾害规模，则活动的规模中心位于以洞庭－武汉和郑州为两端点的地区。     

区域土地利用现状调查微机管理系统及面积量算精度的研究

本文在前人研究的基础上对面积量算误差理论进行了拓新和深化提出了新的允许误差公式。最后,提出了一种建立区域土地利用现状调查的数据库系统的方案。     

中国区域规划的演变与展望

在回顾了中国区域规划发展和演变的三个历史阶段基础上,阐述了在不同时期按不同名目开展的规划内容和特点,分析了当前存在的部门间竞相争夺规划空间的现象及其形成的国情背景。在展望未来中国区域规划发展将面临大好机遇的同时,着重就理顺规划体系、调整规划管理机构、制订区域规划法规、增加规划内容、改善空间管治等问题,提出一系列具体建议。