近40a黄河流域国土空间格局变化特征与形成机理

科学认知黄河流域国土空间格局变化过程与影响因素,是构建可持续国土空间开发保护格局,实现黄河流域高质量发展的迫切需要.本文采用国土空间转移矩阵、标准差椭圆和地理探测器方法,研究1980-2018年黄河流域国土空间格局变化特征与形成机理.研究表明:①近40a黄河流域国土空间具有明显的水平地域差异和垂直梯度分异特征,生产空间...     

对完善国土空间规划编制内容与编制体系的再思考

国土空间规划是现代国家为应对发展环境变化而对国土空间进行的优化调整。近年来国内外发展环境发生了深刻变化,呈现全球经济短链化和区域化、生产制造智能化和数字化、社会发展低碳化和绿色化、人口老龄化和少子化等趋势,对中国经济社会发展和国土空间开发保护产生了系统性的深刻影响。国土空间规划必须及时应对：一方面,需要构建国土空间开发保护新格局,协调经济社会发展与国土空间开发相适应,促进人与自然和谐共生,提高经济发展质量和人民生活品质;另一方面,需要进一步完善国土空间规划编制体系,增强国土空间总体规划的战略性,发挥专项规划的专业性,提高详细规划的人本性,编制实施跨区域的国土空间规划,不断完善国土空间治理的体制机制,全面提升国土空间治理能力和治理体系现代化水平。     

Citizens' perceptions of justice in international climate policy: an empirical analysis

Relying on a recent survey of more than 3400 participants from China, Germany, and the US, this article empirically analyses citizens' perceptions of key guiding principles for sharing mitigation costs across countries, justification of climate policy and trust in climate policy. Our findings suggest that the ranking of the main principles for burden-sharing is identical in China, Germany, and the US: accountability followed by capability, egalitarianism, and sovereignty. Thus, on a general level, citizens across these countries seem to have a common (normative) understanding of fairness. We therefore find no evidence that citizens' (stated) fairness preferences are detrimental to future burden-sharing agreements. In all three countries a majority of citizens considers international climate policy to be justified, but citizens' perceptions differ across specific items and countries. Finally, a substantial portion of citizens in all countries exhibit a lack of trust in international climate agreements.

Policy relevance

Disagreement over the distribution of mitigation costs across countries is blocking current negotiations about a new international climate change agreement to be adopted in 2015. At the heart of this disagreement are different perceptions of distributive justice among those involved in climate policy making. Our findings show that there is no difference in the ranking of fairness principles across citizens in China, Germany, and the US, suggesting that the common ground for crafting a future agreement is larger than expected. In particular, the accountability principle should weigh heavily when deciding on the burden-sharing. In addition, our findings suggest that in order to gain support among citizens, international climate policy may need to take measures to improve trust.     

我国主体功能区划的科学基础

主体功能区划是构筑我国有序区域发展格局的依据,对经济地理学理论和方法创新提出了紧迫的需求。在分析地域功能基本属性的基础上,首次提出了区域发展的空间均衡模型, 认为标识任何区域综合发展状态的人均水平值趋于大体相等。基于该结论,阐释了功能区形成应有利于实现空间均衡正向(差距缩小) 演变过程,空间均衡的前提是资源要素在区域间的合理流动。探讨了地域功能演替对空间均衡过程的影响,提出了区划方案效益最大化是同区域如何划分和对地域功能随时间变化的正确把握程度相关的。进而分析了主体功能区划的 “开发”与“保护”双重功能的复合、指标体系选择、时空属性相关问题的科学基础。探讨了通过立体流和立体空间均衡实现效率与公平并重目标的合理性。并从法律、规划和政策构成的空间管治制度安排层面,对主体功能区划的定位、实施和协调进行了讨论。     

加强国土资源综合调查评价的战略构想

分析了加强国土资源综合调查评价的目的和意义,探讨了中国国土资源调查评价中存在的突出问题。在对国际经验和国内探索实践进行对比分析的基础上,提出了加强中国国土资源综合调查评价的战略构想,即先易后难,循序推进;综合权衡,选准切入口。     

欠发达地区污染企业的区位选择与空间正义

污染企业空间管治和优化是提高欠发达地区开发过程中抗风险能力的重要环节。基于空间正义视角,以内陆型欠发达地区黄土高原为例,依据理论指向和侧重点差异,构建了集维度、属性和空间于一体的“5+5+4”污染企业区位分析框架,探讨污染企业在欠发达地区内部形成的格局特征、区位规律及与空间正义的辩证关系。主要结论：① 综合“城乡+边界+权力+经济+环境”5个维度研究结果的共同指向,当前黄土高原污染企业区位整体呈现出典型的区域开发初期“低水平均衡+能矿资源依赖”的空间特征。② 城市网络发育相对成熟的城市群地区是污染企业的主要集聚区,但与发达地区类似的非均衡演化和去一级中心化趋势已初步显现。③ 在城乡空间和制度空间上,研究区未表现出明显的环境保护“城市中心主义”和“污染避难所”现象;在经济空间上,研究区整体处于EKC曲线的上升阶段,地方经济对污染企业存在至少不排斥的依赖关系;在环境空间上,空气质量与污染企业数量属于低水平的正向耦合,但未出现随污染企业集聚空气质量显著下降的演化特征。④ 相对发达的省会城市和区域副中心城市在污染企业布局中呈退出趋势,具有较好工业经济基础和能矿资源赋存的城市群二级节点城市应成为今后环境规制和产业准入等政策关注的重点地区。⑤ 欠发达地区开发过程中污染企业存续或承接的正义性判别是具有辩证性的复杂命题,地理学区域综合分析的学科优势能为该类研究提供科学支撑;本文立足中国区域发展实践构建了以空间正义为理论指向的污染企业区位分析框架,以期为后续研究提供空间视角下的测度工具。     

地域重构视角下区域空间生产与治理——以深汕特别合作区为例

从资本、权力与社会的地域重构视角系统探索了中国区域空间生产与治理的相互关系及作用机制。分析珠三角典型的“飞地经济”深汕特别合作区的地域重构过程,研究发现,首先,区域空间生产一方面依赖于政府的政策动员,另一方面企业主体的空间偏好决定了区域空间生产的结果。其次,区域治理对区域空间生产的多尺度修复是动态调整的,以资本的空间需求为导向。最后,区域空间生产与区域治理协同演进并相互促进。结果表明,中国城市区域的形成是“规划中心,市场为器”的国家治理体制在区域尺度的具体表现。现代政府治理能力的建构与对地方本位主义的路径依赖需要更深层次的激励机制与制度设计。     

煤炭地质单位人才招聘浅议

招聘工作是企业人力资源管理活动的一个基础性环节,它是企业人力资源获取的高素质人才的主要途径,招聘工作的好坏关系到企事业单位的生存和发展。在日益竞争激烈的社会里,企业的招聘工作一旦失误单位将蒙受巨大的损失。针对煤炭地质单位在招聘环节中存在的一些问题,结合航测遥感局人才招聘工作的实践,对煤炭地质单位如何做好人才招聘工作进行了思考和探讨。     

Ethics and public perception of climate change: Exploring the Christian voices in the US public debate

Climate change raises many questions with strong moral and ethical dimensions that are important to address in climate-policy formation and international negotiations. Particularly in the United States, the public discussion of these dimensions is strongly influenced by religious groups and leaders. Over the past few years, many religious groups have taken positions on climate change, highlighting its ethical dimensions. This paper aims to explore these ethical dimensions in the US public debate in relation to public support for climate policies. It analyzes in particular the Christian voices in the US public debate on climate change by typifying the various discourses. Three narratives emerge from this analysis: ‘conservational stewardship’ (conserving the ‘garden of God’ as it was created), ‘developmental stewardship’ (turning the wilderness into a garden as it should become) and ‘developmental preservation’ (God's creation is good and changing; progress and preservation should be combined). The different narratives address fundamental ethical questions, dealing with stewardship and social justice, and they provide proxies for public perception of climate change in the US. Policy strategies that pay careful attention to the effects of climate change and climate policy on the poor – in developing nations and the US itself – may find support among the US population. Religious framings of climate change resonate with the electorates of both progressive and conservative politicians and could serve as bridging devices for bipartisan climate-policy initiatives.     

How to speak for aquifers and people at the same time: Environmental justice and counter-network formation at a hazardous waste site

A common source of conflict at hazardous waste sites in the US Environmental Protection Agency’s Superfund program is the accuracy of scientific investigations and representations produced to inform cleanup decisions. Liable firms often produce these technical representations themselves, and communities surrounding sites frequently argue that such “voluntary” investigations are compromised by conflicts of interest. In order to challenge the representations of powerful firms, locally situated actors often develop trans-local connections with expertise and equipment concentrated at distant centers of calculation. Although some interpret the spatial politics of such connecting in terms of “jumping scales,” another important spatial dimension of this network construction is differential positioning. In a conflict over groundwater models at the St. Regis Superfund Site in Minnesota, the counter-network that emerged to challenge the owner’s representations of the site positioned some actors as “outsiders” and others as “insiders.” This differential positioning enabled the counter-network to balance the need to demonstrate the reliability and impartiality of its claims with the requirement to maintain its accountability to local public interests. I argue that these requirements result from the prevalent view of the science-policy interface, which assumes a rigid separation between science and politics. Nonetheless, the conflict over groundwater at St. Regis reveals how at the science-policy interface, speaking for things and speaking for people are thoroughly entangled.