Megaurbanization and Industrial Relocation in Mexico's Central Region

Recent changes involving Mexico City, the main metropolis in Mexico and one of the world's largest megacities, are a slowing demographic growth and the relocation of industrial activities from the city proper to other cities in the Central Region. One of the important features of this process is the extension of existing location economies for manufacturing industries from the strictly urban, or metropolitan scale, to a somewhat more regional level. This paper argues that this territorial restructuring is highly influenced by four main processes: (1) a spatially selective industrialization where a few cities, rural areas and economic corridors are emerging as industrial locations; (2) accessibility and transaction flows where the main road network and commodity flows determine the primary urban structure and the formation of economic corridors; (3) a concentrated pattern of foreign investment that shows a marked preference for the urban "core" and which reinforces its economic importance; (4) a territorial industrial specialization pattern whose main feature is a mixture of dispersion and concentration trends according to the type of manufacturing industry. Territorial restructuring in this region is an excellent example of an emerging spatial order associated to megaurbanization, with a rapid growth of nearby cities, a polycentric urban pattern, and the arrival of manufacturing industry in selective sites. However, this process seems to reinforce current intraregional inequalities, as the places with the best economic advantages tend to receive larger investments.     

Beyond Postmetropolis

Three recent developments have created new challenges and opportunities for urban geography and geographers: the rediscovery of the generative power of cities, the cross-disciplinary diffusion of critical spatial perspectives, and rising interest in regions and regionalism. With these new developments as background, I reflect upon some of the ideas and themes introduced in Postmetropolis: Critical Studies of Cities and Regions, published in 2000. Like the book, this effort to move beyond Postmetropolis is divided into three parts: Remapping the Geohistory of Cityspace; Six Discourses on the Postmetropolis; and Lived Space: Remembering 1992 in Los Angeles. Some of the same themes are taken up, often with a different emphasis, in the accompanying essays by Robert Beauregard, Mona Domosh, and Deborah Martin.     

Regional Urbanization,Spatial Justice,and Place

Revisiting work such as Edward Soja's Postmetropolis reminds us of the importance of a geographical perspective, as well as a thoroughly process oriented and dynamic consideration of the urban. Soja's work emphasizes multi-scalar processes that work to produce urbanization, and the complex, fragmented, and unequal spaces that result. Attention to spatial process and justice is essential, but is incomplete without consideration and real attention to the material and geographically embedded experiences of place that manifest urbanization in everyday life.     

“传统”农业景观旅游保护困局的反思（英文）

全球范围对"文化景观"重新燃起兴趣需要从多维方式来解释。传统栖息地,人民和他们在特殊环境里的生活方式的价值改变过程是和与遗产地有关的"文化、社会和经济建设"的引入密不可分的。自上世纪90年代开始,文化景观作为一种新型遗产列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录,它强调人类与环境相互作用的重要性,需要了解景观在时空上的动态性。观念的变化产生了对标志性景观和传统社区的"动态保护"。从交叉学科的视角来理解这一交互过程对规划和保护可持续遗产景观至关重要。遍及全世界的各试点项目和案例研究都引起了关于遗产景观的可持续性和旅游的至高无上作用的批判性反思。全球重要农业文化遗产(GIAHS)能否受益于旅游产生的经济资源,需要基于研究的方法来分析机会和预期,评估其战略政策和自上而下的政策。     

A crisis in aerial sovereignty? Considering the implications of recent military violations of national airspace

The implementation of policies of pre-emption and securitisation by a number of states has led to an increase in the number of aerial incursions by one state's air force into another state's territory in recent years, often occurring before and, indeed, instead of ground incursions. This paper argues that it is vital that we conceptualise territory as a three-dimensional volume, rather than simply a flat area, in order to enable an analysis of how these events impact state sovereignty. The central contention of the paper is to extend recent work on territorial integrity and contingent sovereignty into this aerial dimension. A number of brief case studies are provided to illustrate how different incursion practices actively violate territorial integrity or render state sovereignty contingent. The conclusion seeks to answer the question of whether these incidents imply a crisis in aerial sovereignty or whether they confirm the chronic decline of this norm of international law.     

北碚与重庆主城核心区的空间联系——基于交通和居民出行调查数据的分析

城镇体系中的空间联系研究可以分为大尺度的网络联系和小尺度的地域联系两种。以国内外研究相对较少的小尺度范围的城市空间联系为研究对象,选择处于快速城镇化进程中的重庆主城核心区与作为其卫星城之一的北碚为案例地,借用数据量需求较大、结论更符合实际的经验主义研究方法,系统分析了北碚区与重庆主城核心区间的空间联系。研究显示:北碚区与重庆主城核心区空间联系发展历程经历了4 个阶段,联系日益紧密;城市功能方面,北碚区已经从独立城市成为重庆主城核心区重要的功能组团,有别于传统的"卧城"概念;空间联系强度方面呈现出明显的距离衰减特征,并与地区的社会因素、经济发展水平等因素有密切关系;通过对二者空间联系解释的框架分析,表明城市政府的政策和规划在两地空间联系发展中起到主导作用。     

经济发达地区乡村地域多功能空间分异及影响因素——以江苏省为例

随着经济社会发展和土地利用格局变化,乡村地域功能和发展定位的多元化和空间差异特征日益明显。以经济发达的江苏省为例,采用定量化价值评价方法,研究县域尺度乡村地域生态保育、农业生产、工业发展和社会保障功能的空间差异,识别各县市区主导功能类型,揭示不同类型乡村地域功能的影响因素。结果表明：乡村地域多功能特征明显,工业发展功能占据主导;4 类乡村地域功能空间集聚程度均较低,生态保育功能高值区集中于沿湖、沿海或苏南山丘地区,农业生产功能集中于苏北和苏中,工业发展功能以苏南最强,社会保障功能则集中于市辖区及其临近市县;乡村地域功能组合类型多样,共可分为9 种;4 类乡村地域功能的影响因素存在较大差异,自然地理、空间区位、经济社会发展等因素的影响在强度和影响方向上明显不同。研究可为针对性地定位乡村功能和发展导向、增强县域乡村功能特色和竞争力提供参考依据。     

河南省地域旅游系统分析

文章以地域旅游系统理论为基础,对河南省地域旅游系统进行初步的分析研究,旨在为以后河南省旅游产业可持续发展提供基本背景认识;同时,也为分析其它不同地域旅游产业发展提供一种研究途径。     

一种地面激光雷达点云与纹理影像稳健配准方法

为了使地面激光雷达点云得到真实和高分辨率纹理,需要对目标进行全方位的拍照。这时点云和影像的配准会出现大角度的问题。同时,由于控制点选点误差、仪器误差等,配准精度往往不能满足要求。针对以上问题,本文提出一种稳健的配准方法。首先,应用重心化的空间相似变换模型和正交旋转矩阵与反对称矩阵的关系推导解算配准参数角元素的模型。将配准结果当作初始值。然后,应用一种基于共线方程的改进丹麦法选权迭代法进行降权精确配准,确定配准参数的精确值。试验表明,本文方法稳定性强、配准精度高,适合任意角度影像与点云的高精度配准。     

Science,local knowledge and exclusionary practices: Lessons from the Alta Dam case

The Alta Dam project in Norway is used to illustrate how state control of information may result in environmental injustice through a process of closed decision-making and political marginalization. By closing the decision-making process and related research from stakeholders, a state can attempt to insulate itself from criticism and contrary opinion, even if such practices run contrary to the traditions of inquiry. The exclusionary practices at Alta are examined in relation to the environmental justice literature and history of the Alta dam.