基于规划实体的国土空间规划“一张图”构建

国土空间规划“一张图”有利于统一国土空间用途管制、强化规划实施监督,推进政府部门间的数据共享及政府与社会之间的信息交互,各级政府正在大力开展国土空间规划“一张图”的建设工作。目前各类规划数据类型众多,但是存在规划数据体系不科学、数据间缺乏关联、不易融合,以及难以联动更新等问题。因此,本文首次提出了规划实体,以南京市控制性详细规划和公共设施专项规划为研究对象,重点开展了规划实体编码体系、属性设计及关联关系构建等研究,并且进行了实例验证。研究表明,基于规划实体形成的规划数据体系更加科学,能够有效实现数据间的关联融合及动态更新,为国土空间规划“一张图”的构建提供了新的建设思路。     

Energy solution or future pollution? Applying an energy justice perspective to coal seam gas in New South Wales

ABSTRACT

The emergence of an unconventional extractive industry of coal seam gas (CSG) in New South Wales, Australia has caused a range of social tensions. Although the industry has generally received strong support from state-level governments across Australia, an eclectic social movement has arisen in opposition. Critical questions of justice have emerged in these debates about CSG, particularly about the ‘winners' and ‘losers' that would emerge should large-scale CSG extraction be introduced into New South Wales. However, the question of justice in relation to CSG extraction is not altogether so simple. Actors on all sides of CSG development have mobilised the language of justice in their claims about this energy source in sophisticated ways and at different scales. In this paper, we draw upon ‘energy justice’ scholarship to tease out different energy justice dimensions of the CSG debate in New South Wales. We show how there are significant issues that will likely intensify regarding the recognition of different forms of knowledge, the access citizens have to forms of decision-making, and the risks that span geographic and temporal scales. We argue that it is vital to appreciate the significant and interrelated injustices faced by those challenging the industry.     

“一带一路”建设模式研究——基于制度与文化视角

推动“一带一路”建设向高质量发展转变,对学术界提出了新命题,需要对已有建设模式和建设项目进行深入剖析,总结经验和教训,提出对“一带一路”建设具有指导意义的理论知识。以往地理学主要关注企业对外直接投资,而“一带一路”建设项目涉及的范畴要大得多,既包括中国的直接投资,也包括中国提供融资并承建的项目,还包括一些新兴的混合项目。已经进行的“一带一路”建设案例研究表明,中国企业“走出去”比较容易忽视的因素是中国与东道国之间在制度和文化上的差异。利用“制度和文化转向”研究思路来剖析“一带一路”建设项目,总结其建设模式,对于经济地理学的发展以及指导“一带一路”建设都具有重要意义。本文首先简要回顾了“制度和文化转向”出现的背景以及主要研究脉络;而后总结了“一带一路”建设项目的主要形式,提出了基于工程总承包（EPC）、基于特许经营和企业直接投资三大类建设模式;最后借鉴“制度和文化转向”的研究技巧,从“地域嵌入的广度和深度”和“技术及项目的‘破坏性’”两个维度,将“一带一路”建设项目分为变革性项目、支撑性项目、一般性项目和海外经贸合作园区4种类型,用以识别它们的制度和文化敏感性,并举例进行了说明。本文提出的分析框架为进行“一带一路”建设案例研究提供了一个思考方向。     

乡村聚落空间重构的理论解析

快速城镇化进程中中国传统乡村聚落空间面临剧烈分化和重组。在阐释乡村聚落空间重构的概念内涵基础上,基于宏观和中微观层面、客体和主体系统探讨了乡村聚落空间重构的机理,并提出了乡村聚落空间重构过程中需关注的要点。结论如下:① 乡村聚落空间重构即为适应城乡发展要素的变化,行为主体采取经济、技术、政策等手段调整村镇空间等级体系及干预单体聚落内部土地资源配置,以协调乡村地域人地关系的过程,具有重构内容复合性、重构目标多元性和重构过程复杂性的特点。② 乡村聚落空间重构折射着现代社会生产方式、经济结构、社会结构、制度演化、技术发展等宏观环境的变迁,并根植于所在乡村地域自然-经济-社会等客体系统的约束框架之内,凝聚着利益行为主体间的博弈、对抗、竞争与合作关系。③ 乡村聚落空间重构应正确处理人口-土地-产业关系,充分重视聚落的文化和生态价值,有效发挥政策和制度的支撑作用,以促进新时期乡村地域系统的全面振兴。     

Objective and framework for territorial development in China

This paper analyzes the present situation of China’s territorial development and holds that the spatial framework for socio-economic development can not be naturally extended under the present conditions. Hence it is necessary to strengthen rationally spatial agglomeration. The basic concept and framework for future territorial development are raised based on the elaboration of factors affecting the territorial development of China. Foundation item Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40871071)     

Theorizing Belt and Road construction mode from institutional and cultural perspectives

There is a gap between the great vision and high-quality targets of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)and Western recognition of them,which challenges Chinese and West-ern scholars.This gap should be narrowed by conducting in-depth case studies and com-parative studies at the project level.In recent years,the international academic community has paid increasing attention to Chinese outward foreign direct investment(FDI),but Belt and Road construction is much broader in scope,comprising not only FDI projects but also China-financed projects and emerging mixed projects.Our investigation,observation,and examination of the BRI projects find that compared to their Western counterparts,Chinese enterprises have less experience in doing business in other countries and often pay less at-tention to institutional and cultural differences between China and the host countries.Thus,revisiting the institutional and cultural turn in economic geography and employing its ideas to analyze the BRI projects and summarize their construction modes may contribute to the de-velopment of both economic geography and the BRI.This paper first briefly reviews the background and research trends of the institutional and cultural turn and then summarizes three major modes of Belt and Road construction,namely,EPC(Engineering Procurement Construction)-based projects,concession-based projects,and FDI;finally,it draws on the institutional and cultural turn to classify the BRI projects according to the two indicators of"Breadth and Depth of Territorial Embeddedness"and"Destructive Effect of a Project and/or Technology"into four types:transformative,supportive,ordinary projects and overseas in-dustrial cooperation parks.Different institutional and cultural sensitivity can be observed for each type of project.The preliminary theorization proposed in this paper may offer a potential framework for further research on the BRI.     

Quota discarding and distributive justice: The case of the under-10 m fishing fleet in Sussex,England

Marine fish discarding has become a contentious environmental issue, but little attention has been paid to the moral grievances that sometimes underlie discarding practices. This article explores such a moral grievance through a case study of the under-10 m fishery in Sussex, England, where discarding of cod (Gadus morhua) has become a highly charged issue, skippers blaming it on unjust quota allocations. The moral claim to a greater quota allocation is analysed using two conceptions of distributive justice, entitlement and desert. The conclusion reached is that the under-10 m fleet’s entitlement arguments for a higher quota are weaker than their desert arguments, but that entitlement arguments weigh more heavily than desert arguments with government when it allocates quota.     

阿沙哇义金矿地质特征及找矿标志

阿沙哇义金矿已圈定矿体12条.矿体赋存于晚石炭世浅变质碎屑岩内的断层破碎蚀变带中,按矿床自然类型、工业类型分别划分为断层破碎蚀变岩、微细粒浸染型,金矿床成因类型为地下热(卤)水溶滤型之碎屑岩系金矿床亚类.简要总结了矿区地质、矿床、矿石特征和找矿标志、找矿方向.     

Contaminated identities: Mercury and marginalization in Ghana’s artisanal mining sector

This article provides a counter-narrative to the dominant discourse of marginalization and criminalization of Ghana’s illegal gold miners (galamsey) by focusing on the contested mercury debate. We first examine the complex and multifaceted policy problem that underlies the current conflictual aspects in the small-scale mining sector, arguing that mercury use and contamination are key elements in the antigalamsey rhetoric. Second, we describe an interdisciplinary pilot study on human and environmental health that involved health personnel and illegal miners from two sites. Through participatory ranking and mapping activities, we explored participants’ understanding of mercury and other life hazards as well as causes and consequences of mercury contamination. We used chemical indicator strips to sample contaminated areas in collaboration with the miners. By drawing upon novel concepts from the environmental justice and ecohealth literature, we propose a political ecology of human and environmental health that advocates recognition of galamsey operators and their participation in learning opportunities as a first step out of the current impasse in the Ghanaian small-scale mining sector.     

Community forests and regeneration in post-industrial landscapes

Through a critique of existing regeneration literatures the paper points to the close relationship between regeneration and sustainable development. It suggests that the economic aspects of sustainable development have tended to dominate: leading to the neglect of nature in both regeneration and sustainable development, with regeneration having a principal focus on socio-economic issues in urban settings. To address these lacunae we suggest the need for a more environmentally sensitive regeneration theory. Using this approach the paper draws on recent in-depth research in three post-industrial coalfield areas where regeneration processes operate in the form of community forest projects. It provides a critical perspective on these regeneration processes, integrating theory with empirical data and highlighting how nature is drawn into broader economic and social processes of regeneration. In conclusion, using forestry initiatives as examples, we reflect on the conceptual dissonance apparent in regeneration theory and practice, and point to theoretical insights that could enable a more critical regeneration theory; more beneficial outcomes to regeneration processes; and an improved understanding of the relations between nature, capital and community in regeneration processes and sustainable development.