半参数p-范极大似然回归

应用核权函数,在观测为误差单峰、对称的情况下,得到了一元p-范分布的半参数模型的计算公式.详细推导了p已知时一元p-范分布极大似然方程的解算公式,将半参数回归模型应用到极大似然平差的参数估计理论中,得到了一个比较好的算法.最后,构造了两个模拟平差问题,说明了此方法的优越性.     

基于凸壳构造技术的领海基点选取问题研究

领海基点的选取数量及其空间点位分布的不同,对海域划界结果有着重要的影响.在传统的领海基点选取工作中缺乏一种有效的用于检验选取方案优劣的数学模型,因而这一工作中存在着不确定性因素.为了解决这个问题,提出了利用最小凸包(凸壳)构造技术实现领海基点最优选取的思路和方法,并在此基础上对某群岛的领海基点选取方案作了实例分析.     

分形插值与传统插值相结合的方法研究

本文针对测量数据提出了基于分形的线性插值 ,该法综合了分形插值理论和传统线性插值理论的优点。算例表明 :该法优于单一的分形插值和单一的线形插值 ,后验差检验法表明插值结果优等     

Amplifying (or Reversing) the Territorial Disparities in Land Vulnerability to Soil Degradation: The Case of Italy

This article analyzes the territorial disparities in the level of land vulnerability (TDLV) to soil degradation caused by five processes (soil erosion, salinization, sealing, contamination, and compaction) as well as by climate variations in Italy in 1990 and 2000. The analysis reveals, for each soil degradation process, a typical spatial distribution across Italy. Three processes (soil salinization, compaction, and sealing) contribute significantly to the increase in land vulnerability, which is mainly concentrated in risky areas. The observed disparities highlight a growing environmental divide between northern Italy (an economically developed region, not at risk of desertification) and southern Italy and the two main islands (dry, disadvantaged regions at risk of desertification). The knowledge of such a territorial divide and of the underlying soil degradation processes is regarded as important for environmental policies at the country and regional scales aimed at sustaining the economic and socioenvironmental cohesion between areas that are either vulnerable or nonvulnerable to soil degradation. The proposed approach should be seen as part of a decision-making tool informing policies and supporting the design of management solutions, hopefully reversing disparities in land vulnerability to soil degradation.     

LOCATING EMPLOYMENT GROWTH IN URBAN AREAS TO MINIMIZE TRAVEL TIME

The transportation requirements of an urban area are, in part, a function of its land use pattern. Reducing travel in an urban area by effective land use design appears to be a worthwhile public policy objective. The planning model derived in this article uses as its core the matrix version of the Lowry model developed by Garin. The model allocates basic employment to the zones of an urban area in order to minimize work and service trips. A hypothetical planning problem for Metropolitan Toronto illustrates use of the model.     

基于K-Means聚类的辽宁省主体功能区试划研究

在国家提出的新的主体功能区概念体系和划分思路前提下,基于辽宁省主体功能区划定要求的8个基本指标项定量综合评价基础数据,选择“典型的”优化开发区、重点开发区、农产品主产区和重点生态功能区,采用K-Means聚类方法,分别在不指定初始聚类中心、指定初始聚类中心、以及PCA分析（即主成份分析）基础上指定初始聚类中心3种方法,对于全省100个县市区做4类主体功能区试划分.分别将划分结果与全省最终采用的划分方案进行比较,结果表明采用在PCA分析基础上指定初始聚类中心技术方法的划分结果更接近最终采用方案.     

Massively parallel spatial point pattern analysis: Ripley’s K function accelerated using graphics processing units

This study presents a massively parallel spatial computing approach that uses general-purpose graphics processing units (GPUs) to accelerate Ripley’s K function for univariate spatial point pattern analysis. Ripley’s K function is a representative spatial point pattern analysis approach that allows for quantitatively evaluating the spatial dispersion characteristics of point patterns. However, considerable computation is often required when analyzing large spatial data using Ripley’s K function. In this study, we developed a massively parallel approach of Ripley’s K function for accelerating spatial point pattern analysis. GPUs serve as a massively parallel platform that is built on many-core architecture for speeding up Ripley’s K function. Variable-grained domain decomposition and thread-level synchronization based on shared memory are parallel strategies designed to exploit concurrency in the spatial algorithm of Ripley’s K function for efficient parallelization. Experimental results demonstrate that substantial acceleration is obtained for Ripley’s K function parallelized within GPU environments.     

基于序列参数的水库地震类型综合判定研究

收集整理了我国大陆东部地区44 组水库地震序列,其中震群型32 组,主余型和孤立型12 组。分别计算了44 组序列的h 值、b 值、归一化熵值K、能量均匀度U、地震发生方式参数ρ 等5 个序列参数。在95% 的置信水平下,对每一参数分震群型、主余型加孤立型两大类进行差异性检验。结果表明,h、U、ρ 值对水库地震序列类型的分类能力不强;b 值平均值虽存在一定差异,但数值分布范围有部分重叠;K 值差异性显著,K = 0. 35 可作为区分震群型与主余型加孤立型两类水库地震序列的判别指标。在此基础上,建立以上述5 个参数为自变量的Fisher 判别函数,用于序列类型的综合判定。结果显示,所有数据全部参与建立判别函数并进行回溯性内符判别检验,识别正确率为97. 6% ;利用32 组序列参数参与判别函数建立,另外10 组进行外推检验,识别正确率为100% ,表明上述综合判别方法具有较高的水库地震序列分类能力。     

甘肃地区近震震级的量规函数研究

采用甘肃测震台网“十五”宽频带数字地震记录资料,选取自2009 年1 月～ 2012 年12 月所记录的13086 次地震事件,通过震级残差统计方法计算了各台站单台震级与台网平均震级的偏差、平均偏差和标准偏差,分析了震级偏差频次分布和定量统计,修正了ML量规函数,得到了代表甘肃地区的地方性均匀震级量规函数。     

洛阳地震台面波震级的偏差研究

利用洛阳地震台1985 ～ 2003 年记录的1755 个地震的面波资料,采用与国家地震台网中心相同的面波震级公式,研究了该台测定的面波震级与国家地震台网中心测定面波震级之间的偏差。结果表明,洛阳地震台测定面波震级的偏差与震中距之间有明显的相关性,在1°≤Δ≤130°范围内面波震级由偏小0. 1 逐渐变化到偏大,Δ≥20°时偏大0. 2 ～ 0. 3;在130° ＜ Δ≤180°范围内偏大0. 2。