Conditions of formation mineral waters in Sarissky Stiavnik and Radoma

Mineral waters in Sarissky Stiavnik and Radoma are formed on the tectonic fault zones of the Zlin formation and Makovica sandstones. Precipitation waters flow downwards thus becoming enriched in TDS content. The process is enhanced by inflow of CO₂ rich mineral waters of the Obidowa-Slopnice-Zboj unit, pushed by carbon dioxide and methane. Mineral waters in Sarissky Stiavnik and Radoma are of the Na-HCO₃ chemical type, typical for the mineral water springs of the Magura unit in this part of the flysch belt. The origin of chloride component in the TDS content can be found in the waters with thalasogenic mineralization beneath the Magura unit, where the Obidowa-Slopnice-Zboj unit is to be found. Hydrogeological structures in Sarissky Stiavnik and Radoma can be classified as combined hydrogeological structures, where the upper partial hydrogeological structure is opened (Magura unit) and the lower structure is semi-closed (unit Obidowa-Slopnice-Zboj).     

Structural-tectonic features of accommodation deposits of mineral waters of Azerbaijan and their complex development

The geological structure of the territory of Azerbaijan is characterized by numerous mineral waters of various chemical, gas, microcomponental structure, temperature and medical properties which are distributed over the territories of the Republic and their physical and chemical features are closely connected to the geostructural conditions of the individual districts in which they are found.     

Dissolved oxygen distribution and O2 fluxes across the sea-air interface in East China Sea waters

This study on the sectional and vertical distribution of dissolved oxygen (DO) and the O₂ fluxes across the sea-air interface in East China Sea (ESC) waters shows that the waters were in steady state and that the difference of DO was great in upper and bottom waters in Apr. 1994; but that seawater mixing was strong and the difference of DO was small in upper and bottom waters in Oct. 1994. The above conclusions were specially obvious in continental shelf waters under 100 m. The DO maximum in subsurface layer waters appeared only at several stations and in general the DO in the waters decreased with depth. The horizontal distributions of O₂ fluxes across the sea-air interface appeared in stripes in Leg 9404 when most regions covered were supersaturated with O₂ seawater to air flux was large, and that on section No. 1 was 1.594 L/m²·d. The horizontal distribution of O₂ fluxes across the sea-air interface appeared lumpy in Leg 9410, when most regions covered were unsaturated with O₂·O₂ was dissolved from air to seawater, and the fluxes were 0.819 L/m²·d on section No. 1 in Leg 9310, 0.219 L/m²·d in Leg 9410. The main reasons for DO change in surface layer seawater were the mixture of upper and bottom layer water, and the exchange of O₂ across the sea-air interface. The variation of DO by biological activity was only 20% of total change of DO. Contribution No. 2716 from Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

Wind-related resuspension of sediments in the Peel-Harvey Estuarine System

Resuspension of bottom sediments accounted for 69–92% of mean deposition rates (11·6–69·3 gm^?2 day^?1) measured at 5 sites in the Peel-Harvey Estuarine System, Western Australia. Deposition rates at all but one of the sites were found to be correlated (P<0·05) with a function of wind combining a fetch factor with the number of hours of winds greater than 5 ms^?1 weighted by the third power of wind velocity. The exception was the only site with a cover of benthic algae (Cladophora) during the study. Wind-related resuspension greatly affects the forms and amounts of productivity in this system.     

Silicon limitation on primary production and its destiny in Jiaozhou Bay,China V:Silicon deficit process

1 INTRODUCTION Land-sourced silicon are continuously input into the sea by rivers. After being assimilated by thousands of living organisms in the sea, silicon sinks with the marine living organisms to the sea bottom, showing a complete silicon transfer process. The study of this dynamic process need clarifying the characteristics of silicon in the sea, which plays an important role in phytoplankton growth, zoo-plankton graze and marine ecosystem. 2 SILICON BEING INDISPENSABLE N…     

Metabolic changes in Phaeocystis poucheti (Hariot) Lagerheim during the spring bloom in Belgian coastal waters

Incorporation of ¹⁴C-bicarbonate into the major intracellular end-products of photosynthesis (protein, polysaccharide, lipid) and two classes of exoproducts (oligomers and polymers) was measured in Belgian coastal waters at different stages of the spring phytoplankton bloom, entirely dominated by the alga Phaeocystis poucheti. It was shown that intracellular protein synthesis contributed 20–42% of the total intracellular ¹⁴C fixed and was positively correlated with the inorganic nitrogen content of the surrounding medium. The decrease of protein synthesis following nitrogen depletion is balanced by an increase of intracellular polysaccharide synthesis, which varies from 22 to 42% of the intracellular ¹⁴C fixed, and by an increase in extracellular release of high molecular weight material (18–60% of total ¹⁴C fixed) which forms a mucous envelope where cells are embedded. Lipid synthesis is not correlated with the ambient inorganic nitrogen content and represents a rather constant proportion (about 20%) of the intracellular ¹⁴C fixed.     

广谱暂堵技术在准中1区砂岩储层的应用研究

根据准噶尔中部1区块三工河组储层特点，在充分考虑油藏孔喉非均质性的情况下，利用广谱屏蔽暂堵技术进行架桥粒子和填充粒子设计，通过室内实验，进行钻井完井液配方的优选。该技术在准噶尔中部1区块使用后效果明显，渗透恢复率达到95%以上，试验井表皮系数均为负值。     

Hydrogeochemical properties of CO2-rich thermal–mineral waters in Kayseri (Central Anatolia), Turkey

The present study highlights the hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical characteristics of the CO₂-rich thermal–mineral waters in Kayseri, Turkey. These waters of Dokuzpınar cold spring (DPS) (12–13°C), Yeşilhisar mineral spring (YMS) (13–16°C), Acısu mineral spring (ACMS) (20–22.5°C), Tekgöz thermal spring (TGS) (40–41°C), and Bayramhacı thermal-mineral spring (BTMS) (45–46.5°C) have different physical and chemical compositions. The waters are located within the Erciyes basin in the Central Anatolian Crystalline complex consisting of three main rock units. Metamorphic/crystalline rocks occur as the basement, sedimentary rocks of Upper Cretaceous-Quaternary age form the cover, and volcanosedimentary rocks Miocene-Quaternary in age represent the extrusive products of magmatism acting in that period. All these units are covered unconformably by terrace and alluvial deposits, and travertine occurrences have variable permeability. Dokuzpinar cold spring, YMS and ACMS localized mainly along the faults within the region have higher Na⁺ and Cl⁻ contents whereas TGS and BTMS have higher amounts of Ca²⁺ and HCO ₃ ⁻ . The high concentrations of Ca²⁺ and HCO ₃ ⁻ are mainly related to the high CO₂ contents resulting from interactions with carbonate rocks. Whereas the high Na⁺ content is derived from the alkaline rocks, such as syenite, tuff and basalts, the Cl⁻ is generally connected to the dissolution of the evaporitic sequences. These waters are of meteoric-type. BTMS deviates from meteoric water line. The content is related to the increases in the δ¹⁸O compositions due to mineral–water interaction (re-equilibrium) process. CO₂-dominated YMS and ACMS with low temperatures have higher mineralizations. Yeşilhisar mineral spring, ACMS, TGS and BTMS are oversaturated in terms of calcite, aragonite, dolomite, goethite and hematite, and undersaturated with respect to gypsum, halite and anhydrite. Yeşilhisar mineral spring, ACMS and BTMS are also characterized by recent travertine precipitation. Dokuzpınar cold spring is undersaturated in terms of the above minerals. The higher ratios of Ca/Mg and Cl/HCO₃, and lower ratios of SO₄/Cl in BTMS than TGS suggest that TGS has shallow circulation compared to BTMS, and/or has much more heat-loss enroute the surface. The sequence of hydrogeochemical and isotopic compositions of the waters is in an order of DPS>YMS>ACMS>TGS>BTMS and this suggests a transition period from a shallow circulation to a deep circulation path.