青海平安电磁辐射在中强震前短期前兆异常特征及预报效能研究

分析和整理了青海平安电磁辐射台自1993年7月以来的资料，发现震前平安单台电磁辐射在中强地震临震前有最大脉冲信号，并通过对无震异常，地震异常的分析判断，对其预报效能进行了R值评价。     

Characterization of the Si:As Blocked Impurity Band (BIB) Detector in Keck's Long Wavelength Spectrometer (LWS)

Keck's Long Wavelength Spectrometer (LWS), is the facility instrument used for imaging and spectroscopy in the wavelength range of 3–28 μm at the Keck Observatory. LWS uses an 128 × 128 Si:As blocked impurity band (BIB) array manufactured by the Boeing Corporation. This paper discusses the method used for optimizing the detector's operating parameters at a temperature of 8.5 K and bias voltage of 1.2 V. A process for characterizing detective quantum efficiency of BIB detectors is also presented. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

基于扁铲侧胀试验的桩基水平承载力分析

依据扁铲侧胀试验的结果,对桩侧土水平抗力系数的比例系数进行了估算,并估算出单桩水平承载力设计值;根据单桩水平载荷试验的成果,计算出试验桩的水平临界荷载平均值,并得到桩侧土水平抗力系数的比例系数;在此基础上,对两者进行了对比分析,其单桩水平承载力非常接近,但比例系数存在差异。认为不宜将试桩的结果直接应用于工程桩的水平承载力计算,应根据工程桩的实际情况,考虑承台、桩群、土相互作用产生的群桩效应。     

Kinetic shear resistance,fluid pressures and radiation efficiency during seismic faulting

Summary During earthquake faulting, radiation efficiency and the degree stress relief are critically dependent on the kinetic shear resistance. This is often assumed to stay constant during slip, but geological evidence suggests that for moderate or large shallow earthquakes it may decrease dramatically to near-zero values once slip is initiated, either by melt formation or by transient increases in fluid pressure on the fault plane. The latter, probably more common process may arise partly through an interaction between temperature and water pressure, and partly through dilatancy recovery as shear stress is relieved. If the fault remains undrained, stress relief should be absolute with seismic efficiency reaching high values, so that stress drops give a measure of the level of tectonic shear stress in fault zones. Supporting evidence comes from the observation that apparent stress is generally about half the stress drop.     

Estimation of Turbulent Fluxes Using the Flux-Variance Method over an Alpine Meadow Surface in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau

The flux-variance similarity relation and the vertical transfer of scalars exhibit dissimilarity over different types of surfaces,resulting in different parameterization approaches of relative transport efficiency among scalars to estimate turbulent fluxes using the flux-variance method.We investigated these issues using eddycovariance measurements over an open,homogeneous and flat grassland in the eastern Tibetan Plateau in summer under intermediate hydrological conditions during rainy season.In unstable conditions,the temperature,water vapor,and CO2 followed the flux-variance similarity relation,but did not show in precisely the same way due to different roles(active or passive) of these scalars.Similarity constants of temperature,water vapor and CO2 were found to be 1.12,1.19 and 1.17,respectively.Heat transportation was more efficient than water vapor and CO2.Based on the estimated sensible heat flux,five parameterization methods of relative transport efficiency of heat to water vapor and CO2 were examined to estimate latent heat and CO2 fluxes.The strategy of local determination of flux-variance similarity relation is recommended for the estimation of latent heat and CO2 fluxes.This approach is better for representing the averaged relative transport efficiency,and technically easier to apply,compared to other more complex ones.     

海岛旅游效率空间格局演变及影响因素研究 ——以中国12个海岛县(区)为例

旅游产业是海岛地区的重要产业之一，借助 DEA 模型测度 12 个海岛县 （区） 的旅游效率，采用组合方法对海岛旅游效率的空间特征演变进行刻画，并通过 EVIEWS 软件分析海岛旅游效率的影响因素。 （1） 海岛旅游综合效率总体不高，技术效率是海岛旅游效率发展的主要驱动力，规模效率水平较低，海岛旅游发展能力未得到全面发挥。 （2） 海岛县 （区） 之间旅游效率总体差异不大，相对差异明显。海岛旅游效率空间状态演变由不稳定趋向于稳定，可能存在“贫困陷阱”和“俱乐部趋同”现象。 （3） 经济发展水平、生态环境、科技信息对海岛旅游效率的发展起到积极的推动作用，产业结构、交通条件、城镇化是海岛旅游效率发展的约束性因素。     

环境规制能否促进黄河流域要素效能发挥？

黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展已上升为国家战略。作为经济高质量发展的微观基础,在环境约束下要素效能充分发挥就显得至关重要。根据马克思主义政治经济学,要素效能由要素质量与要素效率有机构成,前者是要素效能发挥的必然前提,后者是要素效能发挥的内在要求。基于环境规制影响要素质量与要素效率的作用机理,采用面板固定效应模型与中介效应模型实证分析了2008—2019年黄河流域环境规制对要素效能发挥的影响。结果表明：（1）环境规制通过人口集聚实现要素质量升级,通过产业结构优化促进要素效率提高,并在二者的共同作用下促进要素效能发挥。（2）环境规制与要素质量升级、要素效率提高、要素效能发挥均呈现先抑制后促进的“U型”关系。（3）环境规制对要素效能发挥的促进作用存在经济发展水平与城市规模异质性。在经济发展水平高的地区,环境规制显著促进要素效能发挥;经济发展水平较低或城市规模较小的地区,环境规制先抑制后促进要素效能发挥,二者呈“U”型关系;在城市规模较大的地区,二者关系不显著。研究结果为黄河流域从微观要素层面促进经济高质量发展指明方向,对落实黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展战略具有积极意义。     

基于空间分析与实证的中国农业土地边际收益与全要素生产率研究(英文)

This paper attempts to explore the temporal and spatial nature of the marginal revenue of land, total factor productivity (TFP) change and its three components: technical change (TC), technical efficiency change (TEC) and scale efficiency change (SEC) as seen in Chinese agricultural production from 1995 to 1999. Based on county-level data, the study utilized both stochastic frontier and mapping analyses methods. The results show that growth in the marginal revenue of land was diverse across various regions, where most gain occurred in eastern coastal zone, while loss was in Northwest and North China. China has experienced moderate decreases in annual TFP change (-0.26%) with considerable regional variations. Specifically, the administrative intervention in grain production and the deterioration of the agricultural technology diffusion system led to a moderate drop in annual TFP change. County-level mapping analyses took into account interregional variances in TFP and its components. Regarding components of TFP, TEC differences explain the majority of regional dispersions in TFP. As developed areas in China, the Huang-Huai-Hai region and the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan economic zone face the challenges of land conversion and grain security amidst the process of urbanization.     

“一带一路”视角下城市技术合作网络演化特征与影响因素研究

采用2007-2018年的PCT专利合作数据,基于“一带一路”视角,分段刻画城市技术合作网络的拓扑结构、空间格局及其时空演化,利用负二项回归方法分析其演化的邻近性机理,结果表明:①拓扑结构方面,网络整体规模经历了从“规模扩大”到“联系增强”的演化过程,中国城市逐渐占据网络的核心层级.②空间格局方面,“一带一路”城市之间...