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241.
Rapid economic development in the aftermath of the Chinese post-1978 reforms has resulted in a shrinking of grain grown area
in the southern and eastern regions of the country which in turn is believed to have put the marginal northern regions under
increased pressure. This paper examines key indicators of agricultural performance as well as cultivated land area development
of the pre- and post-1978 reform periods focusing on the agro-pastoral Tongliao City Prefecture, eastern Inner Mongolia. The
results are related to the village level development through a case study as well as to the provincial level. Average annual
grain per capita production increased from about 400 kg in the late 1970s to more then 1000 kg in the late 1990s. This was
achieved through a combination of intensification and reclamation of cropland, with the latter restricted to pastoral classified
counties. Production variability, in particular for the low producing counties, has also increased possibly as an effect of
the substitution of traditional mixed pattern of crops with HYV monocultures. Average living standards have improved but have
been accompanied by widening income gaps. Poor farmers’ livelihoods continue to be insecure, particularly during dry years.
Concern is raised regarding the sustainability of the rapid agricultural development; an increased use of costly fertilisers
constrains poorer farmer’s economy and may lead to deteriorating water quality while increasing irrigation depletes water
resources. 相似文献
242.
HUANG Mingdong FENG Huiminassociate researcher the Institute of Higher Education Huazhong University of Science Technology Wuhan China. 《地球空间信息科学学报》2002,5(3):71-75
1 TwokindsofmanagingviewsTherearetwoconspicuousviewsinthetheoryofmodernmanagementscience ,whicharealsoextremelyopposite .Thesetwokindsoftheoriesarethetheoryofobjectivemanagementthatseekstherealizationoftheobjectiveinmanagementandthetheoryofprocessmanag… 相似文献
243.
Agriculture has always been very important for the Bulgarian economy, but during the socialist period there was considerable
progress made in the diversification of employment opportunities in rural areas. While many people commuted to non-agricultural
jobs in the townships (and there was a large permanent transfer from rural to urban areas), there were additional opportunities
in small factories and local services in the villages themselves. The transition has seen these opportunities much reduced,
at precisely the time when full-time paid work in agriculture has declined due to market restructuring while complex problems
have emerged associated with liquidating the state-run cooperatives and establishing a viable alternative. The paper discusses
the general issues and presents a case study from the north-central part of the country. The rebuilding of a cooperative farming
system (along with other forms of consolidation) is a positive trend which could increase spending power in the villages and
help in the growth of employment in rural industries and services.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
244.
本文针对多媒体软件在教学中的广泛应用。较系统地探讨了制作 多媒体教学软件的策略,并就当前流行的多媒体工具制作 平台Authorware3.5,简要介绍了多媒体教学软件制作 过程中的一些应用的技巧,具有一定的指导性和实用性。 相似文献
245.
Simon Catling 《GeoJournal》2004,60(2):149-158
There have been few studies of trainee teachers' conceptions of the term ‘geography’. Building on these, this study identifies
a number of conceptions of geography held by primary school trainee teachers in England. Their ideas are compared with their
understanding of the reasons for teaching geography to young children. Similar outcomes emerge. While a small number of primary
trainee teachers see geography education as concerned with the study of places, a slightly larger group view teaching geography
as developing children's sense of responsibility for the earth and its people. However, by far the largest groups of students
perceive geography's role to be to develop younger children's awareness and knowledge of the environment. Additionally, a
sizeable group of trainees see geography as providing knowledge about the features and countries of the world. The implications
of these findings are considered for the brief geography study units which primary teacher trainees take as part of their
initial teacher training programme in English higher education. The conclusion is that it is important to widen primary trainee
teachers' perspectives during even the briefest of units, not least to enable them to teach the national curriculum requirements
for geography in primary schools.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
246.
朱春晓 《测绘与空间地理信息》2002,25(2):48-封三
从高等专科教育培养目标与毕业生的基本要求出发 ,阐述专科毕业生动手能力培养的重要性 ;介绍工程测量专业毕业生必经掌握的基本操作技能与动手能力培养的方法和途径 ,阐述指导教师应具备的条件等 相似文献
247.
Kefa M. Otiso 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2002,23(3):252-267
Forced evictions are widespread in Kenyan cities and are, on the surface, caused by conflicts in land rights, non–payment of excessive land and house rents, and urban redevelopment. But, more fundamentally, evictions are due to factors embedded in the country's political economy, in particular, the grossly inequitable land ownership structure which makes it difficult for the poor to access land and decent shelter. Evictions cause significant socioeconomic hardship to individuals, affecting cities and whole nations. To avoid evictions, I argue that Kenya must make its political economy more inclusive, implement land reform, domesticate its municipal planning and related by–laws, and create a proactive slum settlements policy. This paper is based on secondary data, largely drawn from the extensive coverage of urban evictions in recent decades in Kenya's leading newspapers. 相似文献
248.
As we enter the new millennium, geographers have a momentous opportunity to reflect upon the historical development of our discipline and the academic culture within which it thrives, with the aim of setting out an antiracist agenda. We advocate a fundamental refashioning of the discipline, not simply an extension of its research agenda; for racism, like gender, is not just another item in the lexicon of geographical subjects. The agenda includes, but is not limited to: clarifying relations between racism and law; racism and immigration policy; racism and poverty; and mobilizing racialized groups around policy issues. These items need to be addressed both through scholarship and through activism, as centering geographical practices in the streets rather than in the academy impels not only more effective social change, but also new theoretical understanding of geographies of engagement. Our agenda for antiracist geography also involves three aspects of institutional change: to build up on and extend traditional geographical scholarship; to change the basis of the discipline by extending the principles of antiracism throughout our institutional practices, particularly in the classroom; and to change the face of the discipline by increasing the participation and contributions of geographers of color. 相似文献
249.
250.
分析了近景摄影测量课程集中实习中教学内容、实习手段及教学管理中存在的问题,提出将实习改革为综合型实习的措施,改进了教学管理手段,并被证明是有效的. 相似文献