Method of deformation analysis for composite structures of soils and masonry stones

The coupled numerical manifold method (NMM) and discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) are enhanced to simulate deformations of continuous soil and discontinuous masonry structures. An elasto-plastic NMM-DDA is formulated that incorporates elasto-plastic constitutive laws into incremental forms of the equation of motion. A node-based uniform strain element is applied to avoid volumetric locking, which often occurs in conventional NMM-DDA. The proposed method is applied to three fundamental boundary value problems: a beam bending problem, a bearing capacity problem of a footing, and a bearing capacity problem of a masonry structure. The method is verified through comparisons with conventional solutions.     

Multi-directional modeling for prediction of fabric anisotropy in sand liquefaction

Anisotropy in the onset of liquefaction and post liquefaction under cyclic loading condition causes the change in response behavior of the soil. The proposed model operates within the integration of sliding/opening/closing framework of 17 predefined planes as local deformation. This leads to the use of better stress/strain multilaminate histories with many directional effects on soil behavior specifically internal mechanism during pre and post-liquefaction. The ability of multilaminate model for fabric anisotropy has been proven by comparison with the experimental results under drain and undrained conditions and monotonic and cyclic loading. The effects of induced anisotropy was also investigated.     

Discovery of Iapetognathus fauna from far western New South Wales: towards a more precisely defined Cambrian–Ordovician boundary in Australia

Conodont species Iapetognathus fluctivagus and Iapetonudus ibexensis are documented for the first time from Australia. The former is the primary marker internationally defining the base of the Ordovician, and the latter is also a distinctive species previously recorded only from the base of the Ordovician in North America. Both species were recovered from a single sample in the Kandie Tank Limestone of the Kayrunnera Group, located about 50 km west of White Cliffs in far western New South Wales. Other species recovered from this sample include Prooneotodus spp., Cordylodus lindstromi, Cordylodus proavus, Hirsutodontus simplex, Teridontus nakamurai and Variabiloconus sp. Recognition of the Iapetognathus fluctivagus Biozone in the Kandie Tank Limestone supports its correlation with the Green Point section (Global Stratigraphic Section and Point for the base of the Ordovician) in western Newfoundland and the Lawson Cove section of Utah (Auxiliary Stratigraphic Section and Point), as well as sections in Asia and South America. Review of other sections in Australia and elsewhere spanning the Cambrian–Ordovician boundary confirms that, in the absence of I. fluctivagus, the presence of C. lindstromi is a good proxy for this level.     

岩溶矿床疏干区地下水位恢复对岩溶塌陷作用机制的研究——以湖南宁乡大成桥为例

截止2016年底,大成桥疏干区在地下水位恢复过程中共发生了17起岩溶塌陷,文章结合地下水动态监测、水文地质钻探成果以及现场调查资料等,研究地下水恢复特征及其对岩溶塌陷的作用机制,为研究区塌陷的预警防治提供科学依据。结果表明:研究区岩溶塌陷集中在河流两岸阶地和麻枣冲沟中;岩溶塌陷发生顺序为先补给区后径流区,与地下水恢复动态过程密切相关;区内地下水恢复过程可分为4个阶段,不同阶段岩溶塌陷机理可分为渗流潜蚀-气爆效应,负压吸蚀效应,软化增荷-挤压-吸蚀效应和软化-崩解效应等4种力学效应组合,不同力学效应作用下的致塌模式有所不同。其中地下水位在基岩面附近4~5 m范围波动更容易引发岩溶塌陷。目前补给区地下水位标高63.95~71.8 m,高于基岩面5~6 m;径流区为42.8~57.7 m,位于基岩面以下4~17 m,因此须密切观测研究区地下水位变化。      

平度市国土资源局全面推进“双保”行动的探索

为应对国际金融危机,平度市国土资源局积极响应国土资源部在全国范围内部署开展的"保增长、保红线"双保行动,立足部门职能,扎实工作,加强和改善土地宏观调控新机制,有效保障扩大内需,保障重点项目用地,促进经济平稳较快发展。     

日照市国土资源局依法行政经验探讨

日照市国土资源局创新依法行政理念,大力推进依法行政,健全规章制度,完善监督机制,努力打造"阳光国土",提高了国土资源管理水平。     

都市聚落系统的形成规律——递增报酬与幂次法则的计算机与数理仿真

幂次法则是一个普遍存在于自然科学与社会科学界的现象,在都市体系中亦可观察到此一现象。过去的文献仅仅对于幂次法则现象进行了观察和解释,并未能完整地解释其形成的机制。本研究尝试由复杂理论中“递增报酬”的观念来探讨幂次现象的成因,采用计算机程序来仿真都市聚落体系形成的过程,并观察递增报酬与幂次现象之关系。该仿真包含了3 种不同的区位发展吸引模式,分别为相邻关系、规模吸引以及同时考虑规模与相邻的混合模式。计算机仿真显示：① 规模吸引与混合两种模式比相邻吸引模式能够更好地解释都市聚落的成长;② 依照递增报酬法则而仿真形成的都市聚落,与幂次现象呈高度相关。随后的数理仿真演算显示,幂次法则为一统计上的普遍现象,但在递增报酬等经济因素驱动下的都市聚落体系结构与真实的状况较为吻合。因此我们推测,递增报酬极可能是形成真实世界幂次现象的机制之一。     

潞安矿区井下地应力测量及分布规律研究

在山西潞安矿区的13个煤矿采用小孔径水压致裂地应力测量装置,完成了60个测点的原岩应力测量工作。实测数据表明：潞安矿区55%的测点最大水平主应力大于垂直主应力,由于受埋藏深度与地质构造影响,矿区内各矿地应力值差别较大,但地应力大小总体上属于中等地应力值;潞安矿区最大水平主应力方向从南到北变化较大,构造应力场呈现出多变的形态。在实测数据的基础上,绘制了潞安矿区地应力分布图;分析了地应力随埋藏深度的变化规律、平均水平主应力与垂直主应力的比值与埋藏深度的关系。煤矿井下地应力测量为井田开拓、巷道布置与支护设计等工程实践提供了可靠的基础参数,提高了工程设计的科学性、合理性与可靠性。     

下蜀土边坡地震稳定性的大型振动台试验研究（Ⅰ）——模型试验设计

为研究下蜀土边坡的地震稳定性,选用天然下蜀土,按照Meymand的相似法则,对一坡高为0.5m、宽度为1.05m、坡角为45°的模型边坡进行了几何相似常数为20的1g大型振动台模型试验详细设计。首先,运用数值模拟的方法确定了模型边坡尺寸适当的边界范围,模型边坡地基厚度、坡脚前缘和坡肩后缘长度均取为0.5m;其次,按照确定的模型几何尺寸设计了符合试验要求的模型箱,其内壁净尺寸（长×宽×高）为1500mm×1050mm×1100mm,属刚性模型箱,且不会与模型边坡发生共振;最后,制定了包括加速度和位移在内的数据量测策略,运用拟静力法求得下蜀土边坡平均屈服加速度为0.561g,综合确定了地震动峰值（PGA）按0.1g、0.3g、0.6g和0.9g的顺序逐级加载的原则,并制定了详细的试验步骤,从而可保障试验得到可靠的结果。     

干湿循环作用下膨胀土裂隙演化规律试验研究

对南阳膨胀土在反复干湿循环作用下的裂隙演化规律进行了室内试验研究。试验中采用烘干法模拟脱湿过程,采用抽气饱和法模拟饱和过程。在脱湿过程中,定时对土样进行称重、定点拍照,以记录裂隙发育状况。利用矢量图技术对裂隙照片进行矢量化处理,以提取裂隙的各种几何要素,继而进行裂隙度计算。裂隙度变化规律分析结果表明,影响裂隙张开程度的关键因素并非土体含水率,而是含水率梯度,而脱湿速率的空间分布、土块渗透特性以及土块尺寸大小则是决定含水率梯度大小的关键因素;膨胀土裂隙在干湿循环的作用下会逐步发育,主要体现在裂隙总面积与总长度的增加,但此作用有限,裂隙的发育达到一定程度以后便会因为土块尺寸过小而停止;反复干湿循环会使土体产生范性变形,该范性变形与完整土块的胀缩特性并无直接联系,其主要成因是裂隙的发育与土体完整性的破坏,裂隙越发育,土体范性变形量越大