基于卡尔曼滤波的信息融合技术在区域化探异常综合评价中的应用探索

在地球化学综合异常评价中,首次使用基于卡尔曼滤波的信息融合技术,对具有复杂地质地貌特征的西藏恒星错测区1∶50000水系沉积物测量的异常数据进行综合异常评价解释,该方法是把测区的地球化学元素视为多个传感器,将各地球化学元素的异常数据利用集中式多传感器卡尔曼滤波算法进行信息融合,绘制了综合异常图,并对恒星错测区进行了综合异常评价。综合异常图显示结果表明,该方法不同于传统意义上对各单元素异常的机械叠合,基本上消除了无成矿意义上的假异常,而且使致矿异常更为集中,异常形态表现为圈闭良好的椭圆状或圆状,综合异常形态清晰,得到的异常与测区内发现和评价的矿产基本一致。这表明采用基于卡尔曼滤波的信息融合技术处理综合异常的方法较传统方法更行之有效。     

实验研究碳酸盐岩储层烃类包裹体捕获模式

在接近实际储层的温压条件下,利用人工合成烃类包裹体研究了碳酸盐岩储层烃类包裹体的捕获模式。人工合成烃类包裹体实验研究证实,在含油气条件下可以通过矿物晶体缺陷的愈合而形成烃类包裹体。根据矿物晶体缺陷类型和包裹体岩相学特征,可以把烃类包裹体的捕获模式分为4种:点缺陷型、线缺陷型、面缺陷型和体缺陷型。由于矿物晶体生长过程中点缺陷和线缺陷容易愈合,多数包裹体以这两种模式形成。点缺陷型包裹体体积一般较小,不方便分析;而线缺陷型包裹体体积变化较大;面缺陷型包裹体数量较少,一般厚度较薄;体缺陷型包裹体由于难以形成因而数量很少。结合天然样品对比,线缺陷型次生包裹体是最常见的,也是分析中用到最多的包裹体类型。     

Seismotectonic outline of South-Eastern Sicily: an evaluation of available options for the earthquake fault rupture scenario

Seismotectonic information and interpretations available for SE Sicily suggest three groups of possible sources for the M=7.1-7.5 mainshock of 1693 and its strong foreshock: (1) normal faults belonging to the Ibleo Maltese Escarpment (also: Malta Escarpment); (2) normal faults associated with the two adjacent Simeto and Scordia-Lentini structures; (3) a transfer structure between the Sicily Straits rift system and the two grabens to the north. We use a new kinematic model to invert the data sets of macroseismic intensities of the two earthquakes to retrieve information on their sources. For this, we invert point observations, or intensities tessellated with the Voronoi polygons technique, and treat residuals of inversion in the matrix of points, or in the tessellated plane. Our inversions of the regional intensity patterns using this technique show that family N°3 is a good candidate for the foreshock of 9 January, 1693. For the mainshock of 11 January, 1693, an almost perfect synthesis of its intensity IX area was obtained with our model and a source belonging to family N°3. However, all information considered (tsunami included), this earthquake could have been produced either by (3) or by a fault located along the Ibleo-Maltese Escarpment, and tangential to the Augusta and Siracusa promontories.     

Determination of sediment volumes, accumulation rates and turbidite emplacement frequencies on the Madeira Abyssal Plain (NE Atlantic): a correlation between seismic and borehole data

The sedimentary infill history of the Madeira Abyssal Plain (MAP) is established from correlation of ODP Leg 157 drillsites (Sites 950–952) with an almost regular grid of 7000 km of intermediate-resolution seismic reflection profiles covering the central part of the abyssal plain. The most conspicuous seismic reflectors bounding the seismostratigraphic units have been identified and mapped. Correlation between seismic and borehole data using synthetic seismograms allows the lithological attribution and dating of the reflectors and seismostratigraphic units. Lateral mapping and correlation of seismic units also allows both the volumes and rates of accumulation of sediments within each seismostratigraphic unit and equivalent time periods of deposition to be determined. These calculations have been corrected for the effect of compaction, calculated at around 40% at the base of the drillholes. Three main turbidite types have been identified at the drillsites and their emplacement frequency has been calculated for each site and time period. Our results show that Cretaceous oceanic crust was draped with red pelagic clays, and the fracture-zone valleys were completely infilled and levelled in a geologically rather short time, probably during the latest Oligocene and Early Miocene, by organic-rich turbidites derived from the NW African continental margin. At 16 Ma, the topography was levelled enough to allow large turbidity current flows to cover the entire plain. During the Middle and Late Miocene (16–5.9 Ma), organic-rich turbidites were emplaced on the abyssal plain at a low rate of accumulation (12 m/my). In the uppermost Miocene–Early Pliocene (5.9–3.6 Ma), turbidite emplacement increased markedly in both frequency and accumulation rate (e.g., 26 m/my for organic-rich turbidites). During this time, period emplacement of volcanic-rich turbidites also increased in volume and frequency, a trend that continued into the Pliocene. Increased volcanic-rich turbidite emplacement correlates well with increased volcanic activity on the Canary Islands, and increased organic-rich turbidite emplacement may correlate with periods of erosion on the NW African continental margin. These erosional periods may be related to global cooling and falling sea level, intensification of bottom-water currents, and enhanced upwelling on the margin.     

走向21世纪的城市减灾研究

探索城市的综合减灾能力从而保持城市的可持续发展,是摆在所有城市建设科技工作者及管理者面前的一个重要问题。选取这个问题的一个重要方面即城市灾害现象、致灾因子、城市综合减灾等进行分析,并对２１世纪的中国城市综合减灾提出可供参考的建议。     

地震前兆信息量的研究：（二）地震前兆信息量的综合数学表达式

首先介绍了罗兰格研究员关于地震前兆信息量的研究思想,他在系统地分析了地震前铛信息量所应具备的一些基本特征基础上,将这些特征进行高度概括并加以抽象化,给出了地震前兆信息量综合数学表达式。经我们对实际地震观测资料进行计算,表明该表达式不仅可将各种地震观测资料的持续异常变化统一地转化为地震前兆信息量,而且还能定量地描述异常结束后期前兆信息的延续性、从而使地震异常所展示的前兆信息更加清晰化、直观化,完整化     

机载雷达立体影像定位方法的比较及改进

由于合成孔径雷达(SAR)具有全天候的成像能力,在地质、生态、水文、海冰和测绘等诸多领域有着广泛的应用。主要研究了雷达立体影像对获取地面三维坐标的方法,分析了目前所广泛使用的三种立体定位模型的优缺点,为利用雷达立体影像对获取数字高程模型提供了选择依据,并对其中的零距离-多普勒模型进行了改进,最后利用机载雷达影像数据对此算法进行了实验研究,取得了较好的实验结果。     

基于多处理板联合SAR成像的分布式计算模拟系统研究

合成孔径雷达(SAR)卫星的探测范围有限,全轨利用率不高,并且单个卫星的计算和存储资源有限,难以完成大量的星载合成孔径雷达数据处理.本文拟采用多处理板联合的数据处理方法,针对星上分布式计算构建一种模拟系统,以提高星上数据处理效率,验证多处理板联合的数据处理方法在高效利用卫星计算与存储资源、提升单个卫星全轨利用率等方面的...