油气运聚过程的综合分析模拟

基于对油气运移机理现有认识的综合研究,提出了油气运聚模拟的地质概念模型和充分考虑地质综合研究并可人工干预的综合分析模拟.大尺度地质概念模型是以含油气系统为单位的三维面状模型,而小尺度模型则是以油气运聚单元为单位的、由一个或多个三维面以及断层组合而成的网络状格架模型.油气运聚过程的综合分析模拟应在层序地层格架内以含油气系统(或油气运聚单元)为单位建立初始地质模型,应用古构造恢复、古流体势恢复、油气运秽路径模拟、优势运移通道分析、模拟结果综合评价等技术,依据层序地层格架所提供的精确时间间隔单元进行三维的、动态的模拟.模拟的相关技术和方法可在信息集成平台的基础上,基于一系列空间数据处理方法开发实现.     

Application of Schlumberger transverse profiling method to detecting a strike fault

Because it is difficult to detect a strike fault, its physical properties are discussed in this paper. Using physical simulation, numerical modeling and the in situ data, the differences between the apparent resistivity of low resistivity model obtained by transverse profiling method （TPM） whose electrode array is vertical to the profile and those by longitudinal profiling method （LPM） whose electrode array is parallel to the profile are analyzed, respectively. Our results show that the former has much marked amplitudes of anomaly. Therefore, TPM can be used to detect a strike fault more effectively and locate it more precisely, and is expected to be a new approach for detecting a sliding fault.     

油田开发阶段储层平面非均质性变化特征：以胜坨油田二区东营组三段为例

以胜坨油田二区东营组三段（以下简称东三段）为例，提出以非均质综合指数为表征参数，以其平面等值图为依据研究目的层不同开发时期储层的平面非均质性。分析了开发初期、开发中期和开发后期的非均质特征，得到了不同时期非均质性的变化规律；探讨了储层平面非均质性与剩余油分布的关系。研究表明，东三段储层的平面非均质程度随注水开发而变化；开发初期以中等—较强非均质性为主，开发中期非均质性增强，开发后期以较强非均质性为主；中部非均质性相对较强，西北部相对较弱；沉积微相主体部位的非均质性变弱，侧缘部位的非均质性变强；平面非均质性增强的趋势仍将持续下去。约75%的剩余油分布在较强非均质性的储层中。     

基于纹理与成像知识的高分辨率SAR图像水体检测

为了精确地提取水体,首先对高分辨率合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像中农村民房的成像机理进行了分析,接着通过图像纹理检测方法和基于知识的建筑物阴影表达去除了建筑物阴影,最后精确地提取出SAR图像中的水体,说明对高分辨率SAR图像进行信息检测时,传统方法和基于成像机理的知识表达方法能够精确地实现水体目标检测,从而可以进一步对水体进行分析。     

地理信息工程多指标综合评价方法的选择研究

讨论了在地理信息工程建设中引入综合评价方法,介绍了多指标综合评价方法的概念与特性,阐述并比较了地理信息工程建设中可应用的综合评价方法。     

Contaminant transport in a fracture with spatially variable aperture in the presence of monodisperse and polydisperse colloids

A quasi-three-dimensional particle tracking model is developed to characterize the spatial and temporal effects of advection, molecular diffusion, Taylor dispersion, fracture wall deposition, matrix diffusion, and co-transport processes on two discrete plumes (suspended monodisperse or polydisperse colloids and dissolved contaminants) flowing through a variable aperture fracture situated in a porous medium. Contaminants travel by advection and diffusion and may sorb onto fracture walls and colloid particles, as well as diffuse into and sorb onto the surrounding porous rock matrix. A kinetic isotherm describes contaminant sorption onto colloids and sorbed contaminants assume the unique transport properties of colloids. Sorption of the contaminants that have diffused into the matrix is governed by a first-order kinetic reaction. Colloids travel by advection and diffusion and may attach onto fracture walls; however, they do not penetrate the rock matrix. A probabilistic form of the Boltzmann law describes filtration of both colloids and contaminants on fracture walls. Ensemble-averaged breakthrough curves of many fracture realizations are used to compare arrival times of colloid and contaminant plumes at the fracture outlet. Results show that the presence of colloids enhances contaminant transport (decreased residence times) while matrix diffusion and sorption onto fracture walls retard the transport of contaminants. Model simulations with the polydisperse colloids show increased effects of co-transport processes.     

邯郸市饱和粉土地震液化判别与差异分析

采用标准贯入试验法、静力触探法及宏观判别法对邯郸市某工程粉土地基进行了液化判别,并对判别结果进行对比分析。根据判别方法所考虑的因素和特点,结合粉土的区域特征,提出了适合邯郸市饱和粉土的综合判别方法,从而提高了液化判别的可靠性。     

National Floodplain Mapping: Datasets and Methods – 160,000 km in 12 months

This paper describes two projects requiring production of national floodplain maps for England and Wales – some 80,000 km of river. The novel solutions developed have brought together a national Digital Elevation Model (DEM), automatically-generated peak flow estimates at intervals along the watercourses and two alternative methods of calculating the outlines: normal depth calculation; and a purpose-built 2-dimensional raster-based floodplain model, JFLOW. The DEM was derived using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IFSAR) techniques and has a vertical precision of ±0.5 m–1.0 m (RMSE) and a 5 m horizontal resolution. The flow estimates were derived by automating Flood Estimation Handbook (FEH) techniques. The normal depth calculations are applied at a number of discrete cross-sections with linear interpolation between to form a 3-dimensional water surface. This is overlain on the DEM to produce the flood outline. Careful manual checking is required at a number of stages. The JFLOW model is based on a discretised form of the 2-dimensional diffusive wave equation and directly simulates the flood outline in a series of overlapping short (1 km) reaches. Flood outlines from the overlapping reaches are merged to produce the overall flood envelope. The model has been written to work as a screen-saver, allowing distributed processing across all computers in an office and manual intervention is minimal. In simple valley situations both methods give similar results, but show differences in more complex areas. Each has advantages and disadvantages, but both have been shown to be a practicable solution to allow production of 160,000 km of flood outline in 12 months.