Environmental applications of magnetometry profiling

Environmental impact assessment is currently a standard procedure for assessing the possible consequences of any particular activity that may cause degradation of the environment. Magnetometry profiling, which involves accurate measurements of the Earth's magnetic field at closely spaced stations is a technique that has a large number of environmental applications that can greatly improve this assessment. The technique has been applied successfully for waste disposal site evaluation, toxic waste detection, assessment of the quality of roadstone before excavations and can provide information that allows subsurface water movement models to be refined. Magnetometry profiling is inexpensive, nondestructive, and a very costeffective method of acquiring useful information about the environment.     

粘弹介质中高斯束二维理论地震记录的合成

本文对无限空间二维变化粘弹介质中的高斯束及有关过界面的情况进行了讨论。在讨论中发现,利用高斯束法既可不用定点射线追踪,还可保证处处规则,较近年来发展较快的标准射线方法有很大的灵活性,适于处理各种复杂地质情况。并对理论地震记录的合成方法作了简要介绍。     

从地震折射和反射剖面结果讨论唐山地震成因

通过唐山震中的地震测深以及深反射剖面,揭示了唐山震源区的浅部及深部构造图象,它与以往的推测很不相同。 唐山东面的开平向斜属中生代构造,探测的结果表明,向斜轴是一近于直立的地壳断裂。唐山地震时的水平地形变主要是由开平地壳断裂的位移引起的,它是北北东-南南西向右旋走滑断裂。开平地壳断裂西面的陡河断层是一自地表向南东方向下插的正断层,断层倾角为26°,延伸至5km深处。陡河正断层刚好插到唐山市震中区的正下方。唐山地震时的垂直地形变主要是由陡河正断层的滑动引起的。 野鸡坨-丰台断层通过震源区的西部边缘,断层以西的第四纪沉积层,在过去一百万年间曾经沿北北东方向水平滑移15km,表明它也是一个右旋的走滑断层。但是它在近代数百年间并无地震活动,唐山地震时该断层的滑动亦不明显。 开平地壳断裂和陡河正断层在唐山地震时同时滑动,说明地震的作用力除区域水平构造力外,地壳上方还存在一个附加的引张力。在开平断裂处,上部地壳的反射面倾角杂乱,而且在它的正下方,莫霍界面明显错断,因此,地幔顶部的热物质可能自开平地壳断裂中上升。热物质产生的热应力在地壳上方可表现为张应力,而在地壳下方却表现为压应力,这与反射地震剖面图的现象相符合。开平地壳断裂中热物质的上升对地震的产生有     

根据综合物探信息初探鄂东南地区的深部找矿问题

本文根据鄂东南地区的成矿规律和矿床特征,着重讨论了几个已知矿区深部矿体与综合物探信息之间的关系;通过部分野外工作和大量的计算,对区内阳新岩体西北端进行了深部成矿预测;并指出了在深部找矿过程中应注意的几个问题。     

岩土性质的空间信息统计分析

运用地质统计学的原理与方法 ,以变差函数为工具 ,在工程实测数据的基础上对静止水位进行了分析 ,得到不同方向上的实验变差函数及理论变差函数模型 ,并提出了一个变异性综合指标 ,实现了对岩土性质空间变异性的定量化分析。     

Site-specific Microzonation Study in Delhi Metropolitan City by 2-D Modelling of SH and P-SV Waves

— Delhi – the capital of India lies on a severe earthquake hazard threat not only from local earthquakes but also from Himalayan events just 200–250 km apart. The seismic ground motion in a part of Delhi City is computed with a hybrid technique based on the modal summation and the finite-difference scheme for site-specific strong ground motion modelling. Complete realistic SH and #E5/E5#-SV wave seismograms are computed along two geological cross sections, (1) north-south, from Inter State Bus Terminal (ISBT) to Sewanagar and (2) east-west, from Tilak Bridge to Punjabi Bagh. Two real earthquake sources of July 15, 1720 (MMI=IX, M=7.4) and August 27, 1960 (M=6.0) have been used in modelling. The response spectra ratio (RSR), i.e. the response spectra computed from the signals synthesized along the laterally varying section and normalized by the response spectra computed from the corresponding signals, synthesized for the bedrock reference regional model, have been determined. As expected, the sedimentary cover causes an increase of the signal amplitude, particularly in the radial and transverse components. To further check the site-effects, we reversed the source location to the other side of the cross section and recomputed the site amplifications. There are only a few sites where a large amplification is invariant with respect to the two source locations considered. The RSR ranges between 5 to 10 in the frequency range from 2.8 to 3.7 Hz for the radial and transverse components of motion along the NS cross section. Along the EW cross section RSR varies between 3.5 to 7.5 in the frequency range from 3.5 to 4.1 Hz. The amplification of the vertical component is considerable at high frequency (>4 Hz.) whereas it is negligible in lower frequency range.     

北京市污染气溶胶散射特征实验及其数值模拟

用地基遥感方法对北京市主要大气污染类型的气溶胶散射进行多角度观测实验，对比分析不同污染类型，及在不同观测角度下污染气溶胶的散射特征；并建立对各类型污染气溶胶散射率进行了数值模拟的数学模型。在此基础上求出观测时污染气溶胶的混浊度。为污染气溶胶的卫星遥感打下基础。     

北京猿人洞穴堆积气候地层的重新划分与对比

周口店第一地点洞穴四十余米厚的堆积层自下而上共分为 17层 ,新近测量的年代推前了近 2 0 0 ka。对堆积层所含哺乳动物化石和孢粉资料进行聚类统计和因子分析 ,结合风化系数和微量元素含量等古气候代用指标 ,重新定量地描绘它所记录的古气候波动旋回。根据第 2层 TIMS测年为 410 ka B.P.,第 14层上部是磁性地层测量的B/ M界线 ,可以将该洞穴堆积层 1— 14层对比于深海岩心 δ1 8O气候曲线的 11— 19段或中国黄土—古土壤序列S4— S7,并且古气候旋回内的次级波动也可进行一定程度的对比。