农地“三权分置”下新疆新型城镇化与农业现代化协同发展研究

研究新疆新型城镇化和农业现代化的协同发展现状,选取新疆12个地市为研究对象,从新型城镇化和农业现代化两个方面构建了新疆两化协同评价指标体系,并通过2016年新疆统计年鉴整理相关数据,运用协同理论构建协同度的评价模型,对新疆12个地市的新型城镇化和农业现代化发展协同发展水平进行评价。结果表明：巴音郭楞蒙古自治州、昌吉回族自治州、阿克苏地区的新型城镇化发展和农业现代化的协同度在12个地市中排名分别为第1名、第2名、第3名;吐鲁番市、哈密地区、塔城地区、阿勒泰地区、博尔塔拉蒙古自治州、克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州等地居中;喀什地区、和田地区、乌鲁木齐市的新型城镇化发展和农业现代化的协同度在新疆排名分别为第10名、第11名、第12名。从新疆各地的新型城镇化和农业现代化的发展情况和两者的协调性进行分析,并针对各地提出相关建议。     

Interactive Effects of UV-B Radiation and Chemical Contamination on Physiological Parameters in the Lichen Ramalina lacera

To assess the impact of ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation under laboratory conditions on lichens from different biomonitoring sites, thalli of the lichen Ramalina lacera were transplanted from a clean air site to nine different polluted sites in Israel. Our objective was to determine the probability of synergistic/antagonistic effects on physiological parameters by considering two stressors: chemical contamination and UV-B. Exposure to both airborne pollutants in the field and subsequent UV-B radiation in the laboratory which led to a severe disintegration of cell membranes, followed by electrolyte leakage, indicate the probability of a synergistic effect. The impairment of the potential quantum yield of electron transfer through photosystem II (PSII) of photosynthesis indicated by a significant decrease of the ratio F_v/F_m, further demonstrated the synergistic effect of both chemical contamination and UV-B radiation. Besides enlarged amounts of stress-ethylene in lichens at contaminated sites, the reduced levels of ethylene production upon UV-B radiation in the present study suggest the likelihood of an antagonistic effect of xenobiotic elements and UV-B radiation as a result of an impaired ethylene-producing system.     

Unstoppable climate change? The influence of fatalistic beliefs about climate change on behavioural change and willingness to pay cross-nationally

Although climate change is an urgent problem, behavioural and policy responses have not yet been sufficient to either reduce the volume of greenhouse gas emissions or adapt to a disrupted climate system. Significant efforts have been made to raise public awareness of the dangers posed by climate change. One reason why these efforts might not be sufficient is rooted in people’s need to feel efficacy to solve complex problems; the belief that climate change is unstoppable might thwart action even among the concerned. This paper tests for the effect of fatalistic beliefs on behavioural change and willingness to pay to address climate change using two cross-national surveys representing over 50,000 people in 48 nations.

Key policy insights

• The perception that climate change poses a risk or danger increases the likelihood of behavioural change and willingness to pay to address climate change.

• The belief that climate change is unstoppable reduces the behavioural and policy response to climate change and moderates risk perception.

• Communicators and policy leaders should carefully frame climate change as a difficult, yet solvable, problem to circumvent fatalistic beliefs.

     

Pathways of Influence of the Northern Hemisphere Mid–high Latitudes on East Asian Climate: A Review

This paper reviews recent progress made by Chinese scientists on the pathways of influence of the Northern Hemisphere mid–high latitudes on East Asian climate within the framework of a "coupled oceanic–atmospheric(land–atmospheric or seaice–atmospheric) bridge" and "chain coupled bridge". Four major categories of pathways are concentrated upon, as follows:Pathway A—from North Atlantic to East Asia; Pathway B—from the North Pacific to East Asia; Pathway C—from the Arctic to East Asia; and Pathway D—the synergistic effects of the mid–high latitudes and tropics. In addition, definitions of the terms "combined effect", "synergistic effect" and "antagonistic effect" of two or more factors of influence or processes and their criteria are introduced, so as to objectively investigate those effects in future research.     

缺陷岩体加速协同化破坏机制及前兆信息辨识

缺陷岩体对地下煤体的安全开采构成威胁,同时对工程长期安全运行带来较大的隐患,分析其破坏前后所展现的物理量变化特征,将为岩体失稳提供前兆辨识信息。以含缺陷单元的石膏组合体为研究对象,研究其破坏-失稳时空演化过程,捕捉和比较失稳前关键时刻对应物理场信息的变化差别,探讨岩体破坏失稳前由独立活动向整体协同化运动的过程。试验结果表明：缺陷组合体完全破坏分为强偏离线性、静态亚失稳和动态亚失稳3个阶段;首先相对强段为承载主体,弱段出现孤立的应变积累区和释放点并作用于强弱接触面;之后弱段积累区迅速增多并扩展和迁移,不同性态岩体呈现应变协同化传递具有单元性和区域性特征;最终应变释放点相互贯通,强弱段相互作用加强使得协同化程度达到最大,成为岩体进入全面失稳快速破坏的标志。为进一步验证上述试验结果的科学性、合理性,以某矿井断层采动涌水为工程背景,制作采场断层模型并进行双向加载试验,研究断层失稳错动引发涌水的过程及触发条件,揭示了断层亚失稳阶段协同化破坏机制。上述试验结果表明缺陷岩体进入亚失稳阶段是协同化破坏开始的标志。     

多条海岸线协同化简的层次化三角网分区法

针对当前海岸线自动综合方法仅考虑单条线要素,未有效考虑其与附近海岸线之间的空间邻近关系,提出一种用于多条海岸线协同化简的层次化三角网分区法。首先,利用约束Delaunay三角网对能否化简的区域进行划分和标识;然后,利用二叉树构建层次关系模型,对各区域实体进行有序组织;最后,有序地对可化简的标识区域进行渐进式化简,并对局部狭窄区域进行自适应夸大,从而实现多海岸线的协同化简。试验结果表明:本文方法可克服复杂区域海岸线化简产生的图理性问题,可明显提高海岸线的化简质量。     

地缘经济区视角下的行政区边缘山地经济协同发展——以渝黔湘鄂结合部的武陵山区为例

我国西部主要是山地。山区人一地关系协调机制、战略与可持续管理理论及技术的创新和重大突破等基于山地科学研究,迄今为止缺乏多学科交叉融合和综合性更强的成果。我国类似武陵山区一样的众多地缘经济区,因受到分属于若干行政经济区微观利益动机驱使的管制,出现地理空间连续与非市场决策不连续的“行政区经济”现象,派生出经济落后、区域经济行政分割现象突出,经济活动严重的冲突中重复建设、资源浪费、生态环境破坏,各种效益低下的“边缘效应”,即“行政区边缘经济”的区域经济运行方式。地缘经济区客观上要求解除原则政治的刚性约束,走区域市场一体化、区域协同发展、以利益政治为社会目标的科学发展道路。     

基于功效系数法的岩爆烈度分级预测研究

岩爆是高地应力区岩质隧道施工过程中经常发生的工程地质灾害,对其发生的可能性及其烈度分级预测一直是隧道工程世界性难题之一。基于功效系数法的基本原理,在综合考虑岩爆的关键影响因素基础上,选取?θ /?c 、?c /?t、Wet和Is作为评价因子,建立了一种新的岩爆烈度分级预测模型。利用国内外典型岩爆工程实例对所建模型进行检验,判别结果与实际岩爆等级相符,且与集对分析法和可拓方法判别结果基本一致,表明运用功效系数法对岩爆烈度进行预测是合理的、可行的。再运用功效系数法对苍岭隧道岩爆危险性进行判别,预测结果与实际情况一致,说明基于功效系数原理的岩爆预测新方法具有较高的准确性和可靠性,且简单、易懂、可操作性强,具有良好的工程应用前景。     

流沙和改良后土壤无机磷形态分级及其有效性研究

应用蒋柏藩和顾益初提出的石灰性土壤无机磷分级方法,对沙坡头地区流沙及改良土壤无机磷分级进行了研究,并对其有效性做出评价。结果表明,流沙中Ca₂-P占无机磷总量的3.1%,Ca₈-P占11.4%,AI-P占7.0%,Fe-P占5.3%,O-P占0.14%和Ca₁₀-P占73.2%;改良土壤中Ca₂-P占无机磷总量的1.7%,Ca₈-P占7.2%,AI-P占5.1%,Fe-P占3.8%,O-P占0.08%和Ca₁₀-P占82.12%。其中Ca₂-P与Ca₈-P是作物磷素营养的主要来源,A1-P、Fe-P为缓效磷源,而 O-P和 Ca₁₀-P只是一种潜在磷源。生物试验表明,改良土的供肥能力强,肥力水平高;而流沙对施肥反应敏感,产量增加显著。     

烟台地区地下水库建设的地质环境条件及其效益浅析

烟台市是环渤海经济区的重要组成部分,是山东省乃至整个北方地区重要的工业开发区,但支撑其经济社会以及生态环境发展的淡水资源匮乏,而且由于地下水资源的不合理开发诱发或加剧了地下水资源枯竭和海水入侵等地质环境问题。为此,本文通过典型案例较系统分析总结了该区地下水库建设的4个基本条件,即理想的地表拦蓄条件、良好的地下水调蓄条件、优越的补给水源条件和适宜的自然与社会环境条件等;同时对地下水库建设带来的经济社会效益和生态效益进行了论证,并提出了尽快制定勘查与建设方案的建议,以缓解淡水资源匮乏的现状,改善地质环境。