探地雷达(GPR)在海南岛东北部海岸带调查中的应用 *

对海南岛东北部海岸带调查采用了探地雷达(GPR)研究海岸带沙体的结构、展布和沉积序列,取得了很好的效果。文章通过和有限的露头资料对比以及对反射波形态、结构的研究,确定了海滩脊、海岸沙丘的反射特征以及潜水面的位置。雷达图像显示五龙港古海滩脊由亚水平、不连续、高振幅和透镜状反射波组成;木兰头海岸沙丘已受到人类活动的扰动,短的、陡倾斜反射可能代表未受扰动的海岸风成沙的前积层。研究表明探地雷达是一种可靠、快速和经济的地球物理方法,在砂砾质海岸可产生高质量、高分辨率和连续的反射剖面,值得加以推广。     

高精度磁测反演技术在沙丘地区找矿中的应用

在地表覆盖严重的地区开展地质工作,勘探方法的选择非常重要,高精度磁法是寻找磁性矿物的首选物探方法,目前在祁漫塔格地区的地质找矿工作中起到了非常重要的作用。那陵郭勒河西地区分布有大面积砂梁,高数米至十余米。依钻孔数据,厚度为160～314m,所有形迹都被沙漠覆盖,地面磁异常宽缓不明显。由于缺乏本区地质资料,这给磁测资料的解释带来困难,使得不能给验证钻孔准确定位,这时异常解释手段的选择显得非常重要。通过实例说明综合采用磁法地-井资料的精细反演技术,在沙漠覆盖区实现找矿重大突破。     

新月形沙丘迎风坡形态及沉积物对表面气流的响应

对孤立新月形沙丘迎风坡风速的野外实测和计算表明,沙丘迎风坡表面风速廓线呈非对数关系,近地面剪切风速和输沙强度由坡脚至丘顶总体呈递增趋势,但同时随断面坡度的增减而发生相应的变化;沿断面输沙率的变化导致蚀积强度的改变,表现为沙丘迎风坡坡度变缓的部位沉积大于侵蚀,其它部位侵蚀大于沉积,其中丘顶输沙率和侵蚀强度最大。在沙丘形态上,表现为坡度减缓的部位沉积变凸、其它部位因侵蚀变凹以及坡脚和丘顶的前移。变凸和变凹部位反过来又制约着表面剪切风速的相应变化。粒度分析也表明,沙丘迎风坡表面粒度特征主要取决于表面蚀积状况,同断面形态表现出密切的相关性。     

萨拉乌苏河流域萨拉乌苏组砂丘砂沉积特征

The Salawusu Formation of Milanggouwan section in Salawusu River Valley includes 7 layers of paleo-mobile dune sands, and 4 layers of paleo-fixed and semi-fixed dune sands. Their structures have been observed and their grain size, surface textural features and several main chemical elements have been analyzed. The results showed that： 1） Some of the aeolian structural characteristics of these dune sands are similar to that of the recent dune sands. 2） They are also similar to the recent dune sands in grain size components, and parameters of Mz,σ, Sk and Kg, as well as in several main chemical components. 3） The scattergrams of Mz-σ and SiO2-Al2O3＋TOFE and the probability curves of grain size showed that these paleo-dune sands are different from paleosols and fluvio-lacustrine facies, but are consistency with recent dune sands. 4） Quartz sands have well roundness and surface textural features such as dish-shaped pits, crescent-shaped pits, pockmarked pits, upturned cleavage plates, siliceous precipitates and siliceous crevasses, indicating that they had been carried for a long time by the wind. As the 11 layers of paleo-dune sands possess the aeolian characteristics in structure, grain size, surface textural features and chemical elements, the origin of their formation should be attributed to eolation.     

古尔班通古特沙漠南部风沙土粒度分布的空间异质性

系统采集古尔班通古特沙漠南部典型地段纵向沙垄和垄间地浅层风沙土(0～30 cm)样184件,运用常规粒度分析和地统计分析方法研究了古尔班通古特沙漠南部沙垄不同部位风沙土粒度组成、分布特征及空间变异。结果显示:风沙土机械组成的优势粒级是细沙和极细沙,不同地貌部位粒级组成差异明显。粘土和粉沙的含量为垄间地高于沙垄,背风坡高于迎风坡和垄顶。极细沙和细沙的含量是迎风坡最高,垄顶最低。中沙、粗沙和极粗沙的含量则是垄间地低于沙垄,垄顶最高。风沙土粗物质粒径φ1和平均粒径Mz从垄间地→背风坡→迎风坡→垄顶均由细变粗,分选系数σ则由差变好。同时,φ1、Mz和σ具有中等-强空间自相关性,其空间相关范围(变程)大小顺序为φ1<σ相似文献   

萨拉乌苏河流域萨拉乌苏组沙丘砂沉积特征

萨拉乌苏河流域米浪沟湾剖面萨拉乌苏组含7层古流动沙丘砂、4层古固定-半固定沙丘砂.对这些沙丘砂的沉积构造观察以及粒度、扫描电镜和常量化学元素分析结果表明：（1）这些沙丘砂具有与现代沙丘砂相似的风成沉积构造特征;（2）粒度及其参数——Mz、σ、Sk和Kg,以及主要化学组分SiO2、Al2O3和TOFE也与现代沙丘砂相近;（3）Mz-σ、SiO2-Al2O3＋TOFE散点图和概率累积曲线显示这些沙丘砂与萨拉乌苏组中的河湖相、古土壤差别明显,而与现代沙丘砂一致;（4）石英砂颗粒具有良好的磨圆以及碟形坑、新月形坑、麻坑、上翻解理薄片、硅质沉淀和硅质裂纹等表面结构特征,反映其曾受持久的风力搬运作用.沉积构造、粒度、石英砂颗粒表面结构和化学元素等多个方面具备了与现代沙丘砂类似的风成特征,证明这些沙丘砂的成因是风成的.     

干旱沙区植被恢复过程中土壤颗粒分形特征

统计分析了干旱沙漠地区植被恢复过程中土壤颗粒分形特征及其与土壤沙粒(>0.05mm)、粉粒(0.05~0.002mm)和粘粒(<0.002mm)含量和土壤养分状况间的关系。结果表明:土壤颗粒分形维数随恢复时间延长有增大的趋势,土壤颗粒分形维数大小与土壤质地的细粒化有一致的变化趋势。0.05mm粒径成为土壤各粒径的分界值--即土壤分形维数的临界粒径,大于这一粒径颗粒含量越高,土壤分形维数越小;而小于这一粒径的颗粒含量越高,分形维数越大。土壤各养分状况均与土壤颗粒分形维数有极显著的线性正相关关系(p<0.0001),表明了土壤颗粒分形维数能客观地反映土壤肥力特征。在干旱沙漠地区,伴随着植被恢复和流沙固定,土壤颗粒分形维数可作为一个评价土壤演变程度的综合定量指标。     

Direct observations of bipolar outflow from HM sagittae

We observed HM Sagittae with theMulti-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network (MERLIN) at 6 cm and 18cm. We find non-thermal bipolar outflow in the eastwest direction, associated with optical emission lines, and thermal ridges to the north and south associated with the UV nebulosity detected by the HST.     

Relationships between deflation and near surface wind velocity in a coastal dune blowout

Detailed field measurements were made of the degree of surface level change in a blowout, situated in the coastal dune area of Meijendel, The Netherlands. A formula was established to express the erosivity of the wind for the corresponding 34 measurement intervals, over a period of about 3 years. Having established, for 12 wind sectors, the relationship between wind velocity at the nearest standard weather station and at five locations in the blowout, correlations were derived between the deflation rate in the blowout and the wind erosivity using standard hourly wind data. The winter season, although the most windy, is by far the least effective season: the threshold shear wind velocity is disproportionally increased because the moisture content of the surface sand is high. The soil moisture conditions are described as a function of the daily precipitation and evaporation rate. The two most relevant upper and lower threshold shear wind velocities are determined empirically. During the summer season, deflation rate is even higher than indicated by the net surface level change because deflation is partly compensated by deposition of sand transported by rainwash from the blowout margin. With regard to spatial variation in the deflation rate within the blowout, it appears that locations with relatively high velocities coincide with higher deflation rates. However, the spatial variation is commonly less than is expected from the horizontal wind velocity distribution. In view of this the role of wind direction, blowout morphology and algal coverage of the soil in the deflation rate is discussed.     

鼻形鹿角珊瑚对不同温度的响应及白化研究

通过突然升温和缓慢升温2种不同的模式,探讨了不同水温对我国一种鹿角珊瑚Acropora nasuta白化的影响,同时也探讨了珊瑚在白化过程中的适应机制。结果表明,在突然升温模式下,高温(34℃)对共生藻光合系统有非常大的破坏作用。在缓慢升温模式下,共生藻对高温(34℃)表现出了一定的耐受性。在两种不同的升温模式下,共生藻密度与单位面积叶绿素a含量的变化较一致,却与单位共生藻叶绿素a含量的变化不一致。总体而言,共生藻密度与单位面积叶绿素a含量对温度较为敏感。当单位共生藻叶绿素a含量明显下降时,珊瑚已经遭遇到较为严重的环境压力。