Dynamics and relationships of Ca, Mg, Fe in litter, soil fauna and soil in Pinus koraiensis-broadleaf mixed forest

The Liangshui Natural Reserve in Heilongjiang Province of China was selected as the study area. The authors collected the samples of forest litter （Tilia amurensis, Fraxinus mandshurica, Pinus koraiensis, Acer mono, Betula costata, and mixed litter）, soil in humus horizon （0--5cm） and soil horizon （5-20cm）, and soil macrofauna （Oligochaeta, Geophiloporpha and Juliformia） from 2001 to 2002. The role of soil macrofauna in the material cycle was analyzed through comparing the macro-element contents among various parts of the subsystems and using enrichment index （El）. The results indicate that dynamic changes of various litters are very complicated. The contents of Fe in each kind of litter increase firstly, and then decrease in the study period. The changes of macro-element contents are greater in the broad-leaf litter than in the coniferous litter, and the mixed litter is in the middle level, but the differences among them are not significant. The contents of Mg and Fe in humus are higher than those in soil, but the contents of Ca in soil are higher than that in humus. The dynamic changes of macro-element contents in soil and soil fauna are not consistent with those in litter. The diplopod presented obvious enrichment of Ca and Mg （E1〉1）, but it does not significantly enrich Fe. Earthworm has a stronger enrichment ability of Fe than diplopod and scolopendra, but E1〈1. Soil fauna can make great influences on the material cycle of the subsystems.     

Correspondence Between Astronomical Periods and Sedimentary Cycles

The term of geological cycle was used firstly inHutton's" The Earth Theory" in 1788 (Williams,1980). The geological cycles including tectonic cycles and sedimentary cycles have been describedwidely since than. Some researchers have perceivedthat the geolo…     

辽西金羊盆地南部髫髻山组陆相火山岩及旋回层序划分

辽西金羊盆地（金岭寺－羊山盆地）南部髫髻山组陆相火山岩发育,为一套以中性为主的基性、中基性、中性火山岩组合。火山岩碱度主要为钙碱性。火山岩形成环境为活动大陆边缘区,这与本区所处大地构造位置相吻合。根据当前火山岩的研究现状,尝试性地对该盆地髫髻山组火山岩进行了火山喷发旋回层序的划分,共划分了四级火山喷发旋回层序。其中 A-A′剖面Ⅰ级 1个,Ⅱ级 5个,Ⅲ级 17个,Ⅳ级 21个; B-B′剖面Ⅰ级 1个,Ⅱ级 5个,Ⅲ级 18个,Ⅳ级 24个。     

透明胞外聚合颗粒物碳输运新途径

目前大家普遍认为,透明胞外聚合颗粒物(Transparent Exopolymer Particles,TEP)因其独特的凝聚效应导致碳通量向海底输出。但是,近几年的研究表明TEP不仅影响了碳沉降途径,其本身能够悬浮甚至向海水表层迁移,导致其在海洋微表层(Surface Micro-layer, SML)积累,最终显著影响海洋表层碳通量。TEP和其他颗粒物聚集形成凝聚物后,其运动趋势则由凝聚物中TEP的含量占比,即最终颗粒物密度所决定。一个新的值得注意的现象是,密度低的TEP通过与其他微粒聚合形成表面活性物质(Surface-active Substances, SAS),会在海洋–大气界面形成薄膜,显著影响海–气CO₂交换通量,甚至对全球气候变化造成影响。     

基于经验模式分解的太阳南北半球黑子面积的Rieger-type周期相位分析

采用经验模式分解技术研究了从第12到第24太阳活动周黑子面积数据中的Rieger-type周期,以及它们在南北半球上的相位关系。研究发现:(1)Rieger-type周期尺度以及时间尺度在两个半球上是不一样的,从而导致了半球分布的不对称性;(2)平均Rieger-type周期在北半球上的周期长度略大于南半球上的;(3)占主导地位半球的Rieger-type周期的相位不一定是超前的,半球Rieger-type周期尺度相近的也并不一定是相关性强的。     

Carbon cycling in a high-arctic marine ecosystem – Young Sound, NE Greenland

Young Sound is a deep-sill fjord in NE Greenland (74°N). Sea ice usually begins to form in late September and gains a thickness of 1.5 m topped with 0–40 cm of snow before breaking up in mid-July the following year. Primary production starts in spring when sea ice algae begin to flourish at the ice–water interface. Most biomass accumulation occurs in the lower parts of the sea ice, but sea ice algae are observed throughout the sea ice matrix. However, sea ice algal primary production in the fjord is low and often contributes only a few percent of the annual phytoplankton production. Following the break-up of ice, the immediate increase in light penetration to the water column causes a steep increase in pelagic primary production. Usually, the bloom lasts until August–September when nutrients begin to limit production in surface waters and sea ice starts to form. The grazer community, dominated by copepods, soon takes advantage of the increased phytoplankton production, and on an annual basis their carbon demand (7–11 g C m⁻²) is similar to phytoplankton production (6–10 g C m⁻²). Furthermore, the carbon demand of pelagic bacteria amounts to 7–12 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹. Thus, the carbon demand of the heterotrophic plankton is approximately twice the estimated pelagic primary production, illustrating the importance of advected carbon from the Greenland Sea and from land in fuelling the ecosystem.In the shallow parts of the fjord (<40 m) benthic primary producers dominate primary production. As a minimum estimate, a total of 41 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹ is fixed by primary production, of which phytoplankton contributes 15%, sea ice algae <1%, benthic macrophytes 62% and benthic microphytes 22%. A high and diverse benthic infauna dominated by polychaetes and bivalves exists in these shallow-water sediments (<40 m), which are colonized by benthic primary producers and in direct contact with the pelagic phytoplankton bloom. The annual benthic mineralization is 32 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹ of which megafauna accounts for 17%. In deeper waters benthic mineralization is 40% lower than in shallow waters and megafauna, primarily brittle stars, accounts for 27% of the benthic mineralization. The carbon that escapes degradation is permanently accumulated in the sediment, and for the locality investigated a rate of 7 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹ was determined.A group of walruses (up to 50 adult males) feed in the area in shallow waters (<40 m) during the short, productive, ice-free period, and they have been shown to be able to consume <3% of the standing stock of bivalves (Hiatella arctica, Mya truncata and Serripes Groenlandicus), or half of the annual bivalve somatic production. Feeding at greater depths is negligible in comparison with their feeding in the bivalve-rich shallow waters.     

大直径环式组合潜孔锤及钻进工艺研究

论述了大直径嵌岩桩孔钻进的现状、发展趋势,阐述了大直径环式组合潜孔锤的工作原理、结构设计、钻进工艺方法,对设计加工的HC-15型环式组合潜孔锤钻具进行了室内模拟试验,并对试验结果进行分析总结.     

白垩纪大洋缺氧事件研究进展

系统总结了白垩纪OAEs的研究进展,重点讨论了OAE1a、OAE1b和OAE2时期的有机碳(TOC)含量、碳同位素、古温度和锶同位素特征及其古环境指示意义,综合分析了白垩纪OAEs的成因机制。结果表明白垩纪OAEs的发生可能与该时期海底大规模的火山活动以及由其引起的气温升高、碳水化合物大量分解、水文循环加快和海洋生物生产力提高等一系列变化有关。对于白垩纪OAEs演化特征和成因机制的深入研究具有重要借鉴意义。通过对白垩纪OAEs的综合分析发现,当前的研究区域主要集中在大西洋/特提斯盆地及其周边陆地,而对南半球高纬度地区的研究报道迄今未见,从而无法对白垩纪OAEs进行全球性对比和系统性研究。今后我们将重点围绕南半球高纬度地区白垩纪OAEs的演化特征、成因机制及其古气候环境效应等进行深入研究。     

长江河口横沙东滩自然演变及工程影响

横沙东滩(含横沙浅滩)是长江河口主要浅滩之一,在浅滩两侧(北港和北槽主槽)水流控制下,受浅滩横比降形成的过滩水流和较强的风浪作用影响,滩面长期以来少有淤涨。通过对1995～2002年的地形资料(吴淞基面)进行研究分析表明:从总体上看随着北港主槽向南岸进逼,造成横沙东滩窜沟西部到白条子沙之间的滩区北沿明显内凹;随着长江口深水航道治理双导堤工程的实施,在北导堤产生的堵汊、导流和拦沙的作用下,白条子沙至横沙东滩沟滩面出现微淤;而横沙东滩窜沟以东滩面难以淤高。采用促淤工程和就近吹泥上滩方式,增加横沙东滩的滩面高程以加快造地,从而达到既疏浚航道又增加湿地面积的双赢效果。