GRADIENT MEASUREMENTS OF METHANE FLUX IN LIN''''AN RICE PADDIES

From July to September of 1990,CH_4 flux measurements were made in Lin'an rice paddies using gradient profiletechniques.Some characteristics of the turbulence structure under the stable conditions have been verified in the surfacelayer according to the in situ measurements.The semi-empirical turbulent parameters β_m,β_h and β_c and their changeswith the stability parameter Ri are given.Observed results indicate that CH_4 flux in the rice-paddy is mainly decided bythe methnogenesis and the process of CH4 transport from internal soils to the atmosphere,and that the CH_4 verticaltransfer is depressed in the stable surface layer.The CH_4 flux shows that its obvious diurnal changes,and the meanCH_4 flux are higher in nighttime and lower in daytime,and the peaks appear at about 2000 BST at night and 0300 BSTin the early morning,respectively.The mean value of CH_4 flux is about 4.18±2.3 mg/m~2 h.     

GRADIENT MEASUREMENTS OF METHANE FLUX IN LIN’AN RICE PADDIES*

From July to September of 1990,CH₄ flux measurements were made in Lin'an rice paddies using gradient profile techniques.Some characteristics of the turbulence structure under the stable conditions have been verified in the surface layer according to the in situ measurements.The semi-empirical turbulent parameters β_m,β_h and β_c and their changes with the stability parameter Ri are given.Observed results indicate that CH₄ flux in the rice-paddy is mainly decided by the methnogenesis and the process of CH₄ transport from internal soils to the atmosphere,and that the CH₄ vertical transfer is depressed in the stable surface layer.The CH₄ flux shows that its obvious diurnal changes,and the mean CH₄ flux are higher in nighttime and lower in daytime,and the peaks appear at about 2000 BST at night and 0300 BST in the early morning,respectively.The mean value of CH₄ flux is about 4.18±2.3 mg/m² h.     

The harmonious character in equilibrium aeolian transport on mixed sand bed

Wind tunnel experiments were carried out to measure the spatial distribution in equilibrium transport of four types of mixed sand. The flux profiles of each grain size group were calculated. It is found that the vertical distribution of mean grain size has a close relation with the grain size distribution in the sand bed. In a log-linear plot, the flux profiles of main grain size groups are all straight lines and their slopes are nearly equal. It is also found that the ratio of transport rate of each size group to the whole transport rate is directly proportional to the mass ratio of each size group in the sand bed and the proportion value is only dependent on the grain size. This harmonious law is applicable to all four types of mixed sand used in the experiment.     

用综合物探方法对黎川大桥桥基隐伏异常地质体的研究

运用地震反射波法、电阻率剖面法和电阻率测深法的综合勘察，对黎川大桥河西岩桥基的地质稳定性及隐伏异常地质体进行了研究。结果表明：河西岸桥台位置有长英岩脉存在，脉体SW侧比NE侧花岗岩风化更为严重。     

高密度电法测量系统作常规联合剖面的研究

研究了运用高密度电法观测系统作常规电法联合剖面的野外工作方法及数据整理过程，运用高密度电法观测系统，将高密度电法测量与常规联合剖面测量同时进行，有利于对异常体作分析解释。     

塔河油田下奥陶统碳酸盐岩储层对比及储层剖面模型

塔河油田奥陶系储层为岩溶缝洞型的碳酸盐岩储层，缝洞储层的形成与古岩溶作用密切相关，风化壳期岩溶作用对储集空间的发育程度有明显的控制作用。不同的储集空间类型受控于不同的岩溶古地貌单元。裂缝性储层主要分布于风化壳型岩溶不发育地区，或褶皱和断裂构造较发育的变化强烈部位；裂缝-孔洞型储层的分布与古岩溶发育带和岩溶斜坡地区密切相关；裂缝-溶洞型储层其分布与裂缝及古岩溶发育带密切相关，常常是在古岩溶高地边缘或部分岩溶斜坡区，多位于多组构造线的交汇处及褶皱的轴部等。为进一步探讨研究区缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层的空间展布规律，根据暴露区淡水岩溶作用发育特点，依据碳酸盐岩储层的波阻抗响应特征、测井曲线、测试成果及开发动态资料，在恢复古岩溶地貌的基础上，对塔河油田（6区）的岩溶值得层进行了划分与对比。研究结果显示高产井多位于古岩溶地貌相对较高部位，而产量较少或没有出油气的井，则位于岩溶地貌相对较低部位。表明早期的古地貌形态对奥陶系碳酸盐岩溶蚀孔洞的发育具有明显的控制作用。岩溶储层的垂向发育和分布主要受碳酸盐岩古岩溶风化壳垂向分带性的影响，纵向上由风化壳顶面向下储层发育逐渐变差。以奥陶系古风化壳顶面为界，向下每60m为单位，对深度0-60m、60-120m、120-180m、180-240m岩溶储层的纵横向分布特征进行了分析，并建立了相应的储层剖面结构模型。     

Energy Balance Of A Sparse Coniferous High-Latitude Forest Under Winter Conditions

Measurements carried out in Northern Finland on radiation and turbulent fluxes over a sparse, sub-arctic boreal forest with snow covered ground were analysed. The measurements represent late winter conditions characterised by low solar elevation angles. During the experiment (12–24 March 1997) day and night were about equally long. At low solar elevation angles the forest shades most of the snow surface. Therefore an important part of the radiation never reaches the snow surface but is absorbed by the forest. The sensible heat flux above the forest was fairly large, reaching more than 100 W m^-2. The measurements of sensible heat flux within and above the forest revealed that the sensible heat flux from the snow surface is negligible and the sensible heat flux above the forest stems from warming of the trees. A simple model for the surface energy balance of a sparse forest is presented. The model treats the diffuse and direct shortwave (solar) radiation separately. It introduces a factor that accounts for the shading of the ground at low solar elevation angles, and a parameter that deals with the partial transparency of the forest.Input to the model are the direct and diffuse incoming shortwave radiation.Measurements of the global radiation (direct plus diffuse incoming shortwaveradiation) above the forest revealed a considerable attenuation of the globalradiation at low solar elevation. A relation for the atmospheric turbidity asfunction of the solar elevation angle is suggested. The global radiation wassimulated for a three month period. For conditions with a cloud cover of lessthan 7 oktas good agreement between model predictions and measurementswere found. For cloud cover 7 and 8 oktas a considerable spread can beobserved. To apply the proposed energy balance model, the global radiationmust be separated into its diffuse and direct components. We propose a simpleempirical relationship between diffuse shortwave and global radiation asfunction of cloud cover.     

东南极伊利莎白公主地LGB65点的雪层密度与剖面特征

对东南极冰盖伊利莎白公主地LGB65点的50m雪芯及雪坑进行了雪层密度与剖面分析。结果表明，该处雪的密实化过程属冷型落实化类型，第一和第二临界密度深度分别为10．4m和60．4m深霜不育，雪层中为数不多的雏形深霜层厚度仅几厘米，多分布在冰壳层的上、下两侧，16．0m以上，发芯透光性的变化不明显，之下，透光性逐渐表现出韵律变化，雪层中辐射壳和风壳频繁出现，其中辐射壳可作为划分年层的重要依据，综合雪层内的各种层位特征，初步划分出LGB65雪芯的年层约为243a，总的年平均积累率为131．9mm，20世纪60年代年积累率低于平均水平，70年代中期以后，;积累率出现大幅度增加，进250a来该处的年积累率呈增大趋势。     

利用贝类(Lamprotula)化石碳氧同位素再建山西丁村地区晚更新世气候环境

较大的湖泊中的贝类生长线的氧同位素可能记录了季节性的温度变化。对拔氏丽蚌 (楔丽蚌 )Lamprotula(Cuneolamprotula)bazini (Heude)和环带丽蚌 (丽蚌 )Lamprotula (Lamprotula)zonata (Heude)的生长线进行氧同位素研究表明,前者有较强的适应环境变化的能力。δ18O值记录的襄汾地区晚更新世的古温度为 2 0～ 2 4℃至 30～34℃,古降雨量多出现代 2 0 0～ 2 6 7mm,河水排泄不畅,积水成湖。这些结果给人的启示是:全球变暖后,该地区气温可能有较大升幅 ;降雨量的增加有可能在排水不畅地区形成水灾,应注意防患于未然。     

Investigation of a landslide in the new site of Badong County by integrated geophysical survey

An integrated geophysical survey which combines vertical seismic profile method, shallow reflection seismic method, electric sounding, soil temperature measurement and radioactive gas measurement was used to investigate Zhaoshuling landslide in the new site of Badong County and to assess the stability of the landslide. By rational use of these methods together with borehole geological profile and other geological information, the spatial distribution of the landslide body, the formations and structures within and without the landslide body were determined and the stability of the landslide was also assessed, thus making great contribution to the successful and rational investigation and assessment of the landslide.