长岛震群b值随深度变化特征

利用双差定位方法对2017年2月~2018年5月长岛震群进行重定位, 根据重定位结果计算长岛震群地震集中活动区域b值在深度上的变化分布。 结果显示: 长岛震群重定位的结果主要表现为北、 南两个地震活动区域。 北部地震活动区域的地震数量多, 时间跨度长; 南部地震活动区域的地震数量较少, 形成时间较晚, 震源深度主要集中在地壳深度4~25 km之间; 长岛震群北、 南两个地震活动区域的b值总体上均随深度增大而减小, 在8.5 km深度左右均存在转折上升的情况。 长岛震群b值的深度变化特征表明, 其应力主要受围岩静压力影响, 受断裂活动影响较小。     

STUDY ON THE DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF EARTHQUAKE- TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES BASED ON SEISMIC LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY ANALYSIS: A CASE STUDY OF LANDSLIDES TRIGGERED BY THE MS6.5 LUDIAN EARTHQUAKE IN 2014

On August 3, 2014, an M_W6.5 earthquake occurred in Ludian County, Yunnan Province, which triggered significant landslides and caused serious ground damages and casualties. Compared with the existing events of earthquake-triggered landslides, the spatial distribution of co-seismic landslides during the Ludian earthquake showed a special pattern. The relationship between the co-seismic landslides and the epicenter or the known faults is not obvious, and the maximum landslide density doesn't appear in the area near the epicenter. Peak ground acceleration (PGA), which usually is used to judge the limit boundary of co-seismic landslide distribution, cannot explain this distribution pattern. Instead of correlating geological and topographic factors with the co-seismic landslide distribution pattern, this study focuses on analyzing the influence of seismic landslide susceptibility on the co-seismic distribution. Seismic landslide susceptibility comes from a calculation of critical acceleration values using a simplified Newmark block model analysis and represents slope stability under seismic loading. Both DEM (SRTM 90m)and geological map (1 ︰ 200^￣￣000)are used as inputs to calculate critical acceleration values. Results show that the most susceptible slopes with the smallest critical accelerations are generally concentrated along the banks of rivers. The stable slopes, which have the larger critical accelerations and are comparably stable, are in the places adjacent to the epicenter. Comparison of the distribution of slope stability and the real landslides triggered by the 2014 M_W6.1 Ludian earthquake shows a good spatial correlation, meaning seismic landslide susceptibility controls the co-seismic landslide distributions to a certain degree. Moreover, our study provides a plausible explanation on the special distribution pattern of Ludian earthquake triggered landslides. Also the paper discusses the advantages of using the seismic landslide susceptibility as a basic map, which will offer an additional tool that can be used to assist in post-disaster response activities as well as seismic landslides hazards zonation.     

太湖水体散射特性及其空间分异

利用Wetlabs公司研制的AC-S和BB9于2006年10月24目至11月2目对太湖水体的散射系数和后向散射系数进行了测量,在此基础上建立了太湖水体散射系数与后向散射系数之间的关系模型。用2种曲线函数模拟,即在蓝光波段使用S形曲线模型,在绿光和红光波段使用逆函数模型,各模型的MAPE和RMSE变化范围分别为0.027-0.156m^-1、0.005-0.050m^-1,模型整体预测精度都较高。研究发现后向散射系数与散射系数的空间分异现象明显,北部梅梁湾、湖心区、西部及西南部水域散射较强,而东太湖、胥口湾等东部水域的散射相对较弱。     

Outburst susceptibility assessment of moraine‐dammed lakes in Western Himalaya using an analytic hierarchy process

Glacier retreat results in the formation and expansion, and sometimes outburst, of moraine‐dammed lakes worldwide. Sudden outburst floods from such lakes have caused enormous damage to settlements and infrastructure located downstream. Such lakes located in the Himalayan region are highly prone to outburst floods due to climatic conditions and geotectonic settings. In this study, multi‐temporal Landsat images from 2002–2014, digital elevation models (DEMs), geomorphic analysis and modelling were used to assess the changes in glacial lakes and the outburst susceptibility of moraine‐dammed lakes in the Chandra–Bhaga basin of the north‐western Indian Himalaya. An inventory of lakes was developed using satellite data, thematic maps and ground‐based investigations for the Chandra–Bhaga basin. The total area of all glacial lakes (size >5000 m²) increased by 47% from 2002 to 2014, with a pronounced increase of 57% for moraine‐dammed lakes. Sixteen moraine‐dammed lakes were identified and assessed for outburst susceptibility using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Forty‐one reported glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) events from moraine‐dammed lakes in Himalayan regions were analysed, culminating in the identification of 11 critical factors for assessing outburst susceptibility using the AHP, including those related to the lake area and change, surrounding terrain characteristics, dam geometry, regional seismicity and rainfall history. The past three GLOF events in the Himalayan region were used to validate the method and to classify moraine‐dammed lakes as having very high, high, medium or low outburst susceptibility. Eight lakes classified as very high and high outburst susceptibility should be further investigated in detail. The proposed AHP‐based approach is suitable for first‐order identification of critical lakes for prioritising future detailed investigation and monitoring of moraine‐dammed glacial lakes in the Himalayan region. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

2017年精河6.6级地震余震序列重新定位和发震构造

采用双差定位方法,利用中国地震台网的数据对2017年8月9日精河6.6级地震的余震序列进行了重新定位。截至2017年8月14日16时,共获得209个余震的重新定位结果。结果显示,余震主要呈近EW向或NWW向分布,余震区长约50km,宽约17km。余震分布在主震的西侧,推断此次地震单侧破裂。余震震源深度为1～25km,其中,震级较大余震深度为8～17km。精河地震序列的余震活动随时间呈起伏状衰减,震后2天内比较活跃,此后出现较快衰减。随时间推移,余震区呈现中西部衰减慢、东部衰减快的特点。此次地震震中距2011年精河5.0级地震震中21km,相比2011年精河地震,其震源更深,震级更大,但震源机制解相近,均为逆冲型。结合区域构造背景分析认为,库松木契克山前断裂为此次地震发震构造的可能性较大。     

大庆地区地震精定位与震源机制解分析

依托大庆城市活动断层探测项目,开展大庆区域地震活动性研究。筛选黑龙江省及周边662个地震事件的震相到时,修订研究区域走时模型。对研究区148个地震运用交切法和双差法重新定位,对比发现,双差定位后地震定位精度显著提高,地震空间分布更加集中,条带状更为明显,震源深度表明,研究区孕震层基本位于地壳中上部。利用震源机制解资料,对工作区现代构造应力场进行分析,认为本区域构造应力场主压应力方向为NE向,以水平走滑作用为主。     

内蒙古阿拉善地区几次中等强度地震震源深度测定

震源深度对发震构造研究具有重要意义,内蒙古阿拉善地区近年来地震活动频繁,发生数次中强地震和大量中小地震。选取阿拉善地区8个中等强度地震,使用Pn、Pg联合测定深度方法(PTD)、sPn和Pn走时差方法和CAP方法测定震源深度,3种方法计算结果的一致,重新测定的震源深度范围为(18±7)km。     

Loran-C信号中直达波与反射波的提取方法研究

Loran-C信号中直达波和反射波到时差的提取是利用其进行测距的关键所在。通过分析Loran-C信号实测波形与理论波形的特征,认为两者所包含的直达波信号一致。基于此特征,通过波形相减的方法从实测Loran-C信号中剔除理论直达波信号,并结合互相关方法求解出直达波和反射波的到时差。     

云南红河断裂带中小地震重定位及其与地质构造的关系

运用双差精确定位方法对1999—2003年间发生在云南红河断裂带上的中小地震进行了重新定位,并分析了精确定位结果与地质构造的关系,结果显示,红河断裂带上重定位前与重定位后的震中分布变化不大,只是重定位后震中分布略向两端集中,北段地震多于南段。说明当前红河断裂带北段比南段、中段地震活动性强,可能受洱源断裂带～程海断裂带的影响。但重定位前、后震源深的分布差异较大,在以洱源为中心的区域上存在一个10km深的条带,这可能与红河断裂在北段形成的拉张区有关。     

江汉平原江陵剖面有机碳含量、碳同位素和磁化率的古气候意义

湖泊中的有机碳及其同位素与磁化率指标广泛应用于古气候的重建,但由于各地自然条件的差异,其气候意义具有一定的区域性.对江汉平原江陵剖面沉积物中磁化率参数、总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)及其碳同位素δ(13C)值影响因素与环境气候关系的研究结果表明:沉积物总有机碳(TOC)的变化与总氮(TN)呈正相关关系,而总有机碳(TOC)与同位素δ(13C)、磁化率值则呈负相关关系,其组合可以很好地反映江汉平原地区的环境演变.在暖湿期,沉积物中总有机碳、总氮较高,有机质的δ(13C)值偏负,磁化率偏低;反之,在凉干期,沉积物中总有机碳、总氮较低,有机质的δ(13C)值偏正,磁化率偏高.江汉平原地区6 000 a PB以来的古气候演化经历了3个阶段:即冷干-暖湿-凉干的变化过程.