首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   16349篇
  免费   2920篇
  国内免费   5393篇
测绘学   1253篇
大气科学   2887篇
地球物理   3857篇
地质学   9823篇
海洋学   2030篇
天文学   370篇
综合类   907篇
自然地理   3535篇
  2024年   123篇
  2023年   321篇
  2022年   642篇
  2021年   813篇
  2020年   841篇
  2019年   945篇
  2018年   858篇
  2017年   782篇
  2016年   909篇
  2015年   940篇
  2014年   1164篇
  2013年   1308篇
  2012年   1091篇
  2011年   1142篇
  2010年   1031篇
  2009年   1200篇
  2008年   1168篇
  2007年   1223篇
  2006年   1249篇
  2005年   965篇
  2004年   911篇
  2003年   746篇
  2002年   722篇
  2001年   577篇
  2000年   495篇
  1999年   409篇
  1998年   358篇
  1997年   331篇
  1996年   326篇
  1995年   196篇
  1994年   170篇
  1993年   159篇
  1992年   138篇
  1991年   100篇
  1990年   82篇
  1989年   50篇
  1988年   46篇
  1987年   30篇
  1986年   20篇
  1985年   20篇
  1984年   14篇
  1983年   8篇
  1982年   5篇
  1981年   6篇
  1979年   9篇
  1978年   6篇
  1977年   2篇
  1976年   3篇
  1973年   2篇
  1954年   4篇
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
491.
土壤湿度和地表反射率变化对中国北方气候影响的数值研究   总被引:20,自引:1,他引:20  
本文利用OSU两层大气环流模式来考察土壤湿度和地表反射率变化对中国北方气候的影响。在(30—46°N,90—120°E)的区域上进行了3个试验,结果表明干土壤对我国东部季风区和西部非季风区有不同的影响特征。高反射率造成降水减少。并指出地表过程的作用可能是经常发生在华北的春夏连旱现象的重要原因之一。  相似文献   
492.
计算非均匀地表通量的一种简化PDF及其应用   总被引:2,自引:4,他引:2  
提出描述地表非均匀特性的简化概率密度函数(PDF),它可代替各种具体的PDF用于求解次网格尺度平均通量而不影响其精度,这种简化PDF可直接加入陆面过程模式方程组中进行陆-气通量交换的数值试验。它对非均匀地表陆面过程参数化具有一定的普适性。本文仅讨论了对称分布的简化计算(非对称分布另文讨论),列举了非均匀分布的观测事实,并以地表净红外辐射通量计算为例,详细验证了应用这种简化PDF的可行性和可靠性。  相似文献   
493.
甘肃省东部旱作区土壤水分变化规律的研究   总被引:13,自引:1,他引:13  
仇化民  邓振镛 《高原气象》1996,15(3):334-341
甘肃省东部旱作区的气候条件,降水补给作用及作物生长发育状况的特殊性,导致土壤水分具有独特的时空分布规律,麦田2m土层水分的周年变化呈一峰一谷型,可划分为旱季失墒消耗阶段和雨季蓄墒贮水阶段;其垂直变化呈“S”型,可划分为水分多变层、过渡层及稳定层。  相似文献   
494.
典型干旱地区陆面特征的模拟及分析   总被引:14,自引:15,他引:14  
运用NCAR -LSM (Landsurfacemodel)模式对典型干旱区—沙漠站进行了独立试验 (Off line) ,检验了LSM模式在典型干旱地区的性能 ,并分析了典型干旱地区的陆面特征。结果表明 :LSM模式对干旱地区有较好的模拟性能。在不同的季节 ,典型干旱地区的感热和潜热有着不同的特征 ,4月份的感热通量较大 ,约为 4 0 0W·m-2 ;1月和 8月相对较小 ,约为 2 30W·m-2 。 1月和 4月的潜热通量很小 ,约为 4~ 6W·m-2 ,可以忽略 ;但 8月份的潜热通量大 ,平均最大约为 12 0W·m-2 ,当有降水发生时 ,潜热通量可达 5 70W·m-2 ,与感热通量相当。  相似文献   
495.
Based on the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset and in situ meteorological observations of daily precipitation in boreal summer from 1979 to 2008, the features of circulation anomalies have been investigated using the composite analysis for the extreme events and non-extreme events of regional mean daily rainfall(RMDR) occurring over the midand lower- Yangtze valley(MLYV). The extreme RMDR(ERMDR) events are the events at and above the percentile99 in the rearranged time-series of the RMDR with ascending order of rainfall amount. The non-extreme RMDR events are those at the percentiles 90-85 and 80-75 separately. Our results suggest that the threshold value is 25 mm/day for the ERMDR at percentile 99. Precipitation at all the percentiles is found to occur more frequently in the Meiyu rainfall season in MLYV, and the ERMDR events have occurred with higher frequency since the 1990 s. For the percentiles-associated events, the MLYV is under the control of an anomalous cyclonic circulation in the mid- and lower- troposphere with vastly different anomalous circulation at higher levels. However, at both low and high levels, the ERMDR events-related anomalous circulation is stronger compared to that linked to the non-ERMDR events. The dominant sources of water vapor differ between the ERMDR and non-ERMDR events. During the ERMDR events plentiful water vapor is transported from the Bay of Bengal into the MLYV directly by divergence while there is distinctly increased water vapor from the South China Sea(SCS) in non-RMERMDR episodes. The diabatic heating rates < Q1>, < Q2> and< Q1>- < Q2> have their anomalous patterns and are consistent with each other for these percentiles but their strength decreases markedly with the drop of rainfall intensity. For the precipitation at percentiles 99 and 90-85, the sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTA) in the Pacific distribute positively(negatively) in the south(north), and are stronger when the ERMDR emerges, with little or no SSTA as the events at percentile 80-75 occur. Besides, these results suggest that the genesis of the ERMDR event is directly related to intense local circulation anomalies and the circulation anomalies over the Pacific and SCS in tropical to mid-latitudes, and probably linked with the Pacific SSTA closely while the non-ERMDR events are mainly associated with the anomalous circulation on a local basis. The findings here help understand and predict the happening of ERMDR events over the MLYV.  相似文献   
496.
The Summer Surface Energy Balance of the High Antarctic Plateau   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The summertime surface energy balance (SEB) at Kohnen station, situated on the high Antarctic plateau (75°00′ S, 0°04′ E, 2892m above sea level) is presented for the period of 8 January to 9 February 2002. Shortwave and longwave radiation fluxes were measured directly; the former was corrected for problems associated with the cosine response of the instrument. Sensible and latent heat fluxes were calculated using the bulk method, and eddy-correlation measurements and the modified Bowen ratio method were used to verify these calculated fluxes. The calculated sub-surface heat flux was checked by comparing calculated to measured snow temperatures. Uncertainties in the measurements and energy-balance calculations are discussed. The general meteorological conditions were not extraordinary during the period of the experiment, with a mean 2-m air temperature of −27.5°C, specific humidity of 0.52×10−3kg kg−1 and wind speed of 4.1ms−1. The experiment covered the transition period from Antarctic summer (positive net radiation) to winter (negative net radiation), and as a result the period mean net radiation, sensible heat, latent heat and sub-surface heat fluxes were small with values of −1.1, 0.0, −1.0 and 0.7 Wm−2, respectively. Daily mean net radiation peaked on cloudy days (16 Wm−2) and was negative on clear-sky days (minimum of −19 W m−2). Daily mean sensible heat flux ranged from −8 to +10 Wm−2, latent heat flux from −4 to 0 Wm−2 and sub-surface heat flux from −8 to +7 Wm−2.  相似文献   
497.
春季南极涛动对北美夏季风的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
This study examined the relationship between the boreal spring(April?May) Antarctic Oscillation(AAO) and the North American summer monsoon(NASM)(July?September) for the period of 1979?2008.The results show that these two systems are closely related.When the spring AAO was stronger than normal,the NASM tended to be weaker,and there was less rainfall over the monsoon region.The opposite NASM situation corresponded to a weaker spring AAO.Further analysis explored the possible mechanism for the delayed impact of the boreal spring AAO on the NASM.It was found that the tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature(SST) plays an important role in the connection between the two phenomena.The variability of the boreal spring AAO can produce anomalous SSTs over the tropical Atlantic.These SST anomalies can persist from spring to summer and can influence the Bermuda High,affecting water vapor transportation to the monsoon region.Through these processes,the boreal spring AAO exerts a significantly delayed impact on the amount of NASM precipitation.Thus,information about the boreal spring AAO is valuable for the prediction of the NASM.  相似文献   
498.
This study focuses on the relevance of accurate surface parameters, in particular soil moisture, and of parameterizations for heterogeneous land surfaces, for the prediction of sensible and latent heat fluxes by a mesoscale weather forecast model with horizontal grid resolution of 7 km. The analysis is based on model integrations for a 30-day period, which are compared both to flux measurements obtained from the LITFASS-2003 field experiment and to high-resolution-model (1-km grid spacing) results. At first, the relevance of improved parameter sets and input data compared to usual operational practice for an accurate prediction of near-surface fluxes is shown and discussed. It is demonstrated that an observation-based land-surface assimilation scheme leads to an improved soil moisture analysis, which is shown to be essential for the realistic simulation of surface fluxes. Secondly, the implementation of two efficient parameterization strategies for subgrid-scale variability of the surface, the mosaic and the tile approach, is presented. Using these methods, the simulations are in better agreement with measurements than simulations with simple aggregation methods that use effective surface parameters. Integrations with the mosaic approach reproduce high resolution simulations very well and more accurately than simulations with the tile method. Finally, the high resolution simulations are analyzed to justify and discuss the approximations underlying both methods.  相似文献   
499.
青藏高原下垫面对中国夏季环流影响的研究   总被引:14,自引:4,他引:14  
发展了一个CCM3-RegCM2单向嵌套模式,用以研究青藏高原中西部地区下垫面特征对我国夏季环流和降水的影响。结果表明:若青藏高原中西部植被破坏,变为沙漠,则该地区地面返照率增加,热容量减少,气温升高。从而导致高原北侧的温度梯度增大,西风槽则被削弱;西风急流被推至更西更北的地区,使得北方冷空气难以到达我国长江、黄河流域;由于高原上空气温增高,导致该地区上空的反气旋环流增强,使原来位于槽前西南气流的长江中下游地区处在平直西风气流当中,不利于降水的产生。与此同时,副热带高压西伸北抬,使得长江、黄河中下游地区处在副热同压控制之下,造成我国大部分地区夏季降水减少。  相似文献   
500.
通过给饱和砂土层施加反压,模拟地震荷载作用下具有残余孔压的饱和弱化、液化土层。选择粉质细砂与细砂,进行了18组水平荷载作用下桩与饱和弱化、液化土层相互作用的模型试验,研究了饱和弱化、液化土层水平极限抗力随土层残余孔压增加的变化规律。结果表明,随土层中残余孔压增加,水平极限抗力逐渐降低,土层液化后的水平极限抗力大约降低80%~90%。通过定义饱和弱化、液化土层的强度,定量分析了饱和弱化、液化砂土的强度参数与水平极限抗力之间关系。又通过引入土层的残余孔压比折减系数,建立了确定饱和弱化、液化土层等效强度的关系式,进而提出了一种按等效强度确定饱和弱化、液化土层水平极限抗力的方法。  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号